SAND FLY AND TICK SALIVA AND DISEASE

每一个吸血节肢动物的唾液病媒（疾病 从疟疾、利什曼病到莱姆病）， 到目前为止，已经发现含有非常有效的分子 这些药物或免疫抑制剂也被发现 增强它们对这些载体传播的病原体的感染力。 沙蝇的唾液（利什曼原虫的传播媒介） 增加小鼠中利什曼原虫的感染，并可以确定是否 利什曼原虫能够成功地在宿主中建立感染。 因此，有可能为人类接种疫苗，以对抗这些各种疾病。 通过接种疫苗对抗病毒携带者唾液中的分子， 病原体在宿主体内建立感染。 本申请旨在确定唾液中的因素， 感染的宿主，并确定是否接种这些 分子将使宿主抵抗病原体的感染 当它通过相关载体传输到主机时。 的基因 一种蛋白质的编码赋予对抗挑战的重要保护 沙蝇唾液和利什曼原虫的混合物 自从媒介唾液 显然在疾病传播和病理学中起着重要作用， 这项工作还将剖析 唾液的免疫抑制作用。 沙蝇唾液抑制几种 巨噬细胞的重要功能：呈递抗原和 产生H2O2和一氧化氮。 因此， 将对这些观察结果进行分析。 莱姆病正在迅速成为美国一个严重的健康问题。 States. 最近的实验表明， 蜱媒唾液中的有效免疫抑制蛋白， 莱姆病，寄生虫。 我们将克隆编码这个的基因 蛋白质，并确定其产品是否增强感染与 莱姆病病原体，伯氏疏螺旋体。

The saliva of every blood-sucking arthropod vector for disease (diseases that range from malaria and leishmaniasis to Lyme disease) that has been examined thus far has been found to contain extremely potent molecules that have either pharmacological or immunosuppressive being found to also enhance their infectivity of the pathogens that theses vectors transmit. The saliva of the sand fly (the vector for leishmania) dramatically augments infection with Leishmania in mice and can determine whether Leishmania is able to successfully establish infection in the host. Therefore, it may be possible to vaccinate humans against these various diseases by vaccinating against the molecules in vector saliva that allow the pathogen to establish infection in the host. This application seeks to identify the factors in saliva that enhance infection in the host and to determine whether vaccination with these molecules will make the host resistant to infection with the pathogen when it is transmitted to the host by the relevant vector. A gene that codes for one protein confers significant protection against a challenge with a mixture of sand fly saliva plus Leishmania. Since vector saliva clearly plays an important role in disease transmission and pathology, the work will also dissect the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of saliva. Sand fly saliva inhibits several important functions of macrophage: the ability to present antigen and to produce H202 and nitric oxide. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for these observations will be analyzed. Lyme disease is rapidly becoming a serious health problem in the United States. Recent experiments demonstrated that there is an extremely potent immunosuppressive protein in the saliva of the tick vector for Lyme disease, Ixodes domini. We will clone the gene that codes for this protein and determine whether its product enhances infection with the ethnological agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi.