Auto-dissemination of entomopathogenic fungi for sustainable control of spotted wing drosophila, an invasive pest threatening the future prosperity of the UK horticulture industry

“英国水果业正面临着外来病虫害带来的持续压力。斑点翅果蝇（SWD），_Drosophila suzukii_，于2013年首次在英国被发现，自那时以来，种群数量逐年增加。这种害虫在成熟前在水果中产卵，幼虫从内部破坏水果，因此只有在收获后才能检测到损害。在英国受到攻击的水果包括乌藨子，草莓，蓝莓，黑莓，樱桃和葡萄，2016年期间25-100%的草莓和樱桃作物损失。英国园艺生产的价值为每年4亿英镑，目前估计有2000万至3000万英镑用于控制害虫。在社署设立办事处的美国和其他欧洲国家，也有类似的损失和费用。最佳做法包括严格清除和销毁废果以及使用防虫网屏障。这些都是昂贵的，种植者仍然恢复到常规农药的应用，以防止经济损失。这种战略是不可持续的。消费者越来越多地要求农产品不含杀虫剂残留物，防止害虫产生杀虫剂抗性至关重要。此外，由于需要使用化学杀虫剂来防治社署，种植者已发展了不少防治其他虫害和疾病的综合虫害管理计划。这项研究计划将为发展新产品提供基础，以可持续的方式防治社署，并配合综合虫害管理。该产品将使用新的诱饵吸引苍蝇到一个装置，该装置感染了一种新的真菌菌株，这种真菌对苍蝇具有高致病性，但对其他生物体没有。受感染的苍蝇被释放，真菌可以在杀死受感染的个体之前传播给其他苍蝇，从而以其他产品不可能的方式大大增强初始感染的影响。商业合作伙伴是英国领先的生物合理害虫控制剂生产商和英国最重要的浆果和核果生产和营销集团。学术伙伴是两间在诱虫剂研究及社署管理方面有丰富经验的研究机构。这将确保及时交付适合商业生产并为种植者所接受的研究成果。该研究将为开发至少三种具有全球市场潜力的新产品提供基础，它们的使用将提高英国园艺业的生产力和盈利能力。"

"The UK fruit industry is under continual pressure from introduction of non-native pests and diseases. Spotted wing drosophila (SWD), _Drosophila suzukii_, was first detected in the UK in 2013 and populations have increased year-on-year since then. The pest lays eggs in fruit before ripening and the larvae destroy the fruit from the inside, so the damage is only detectable after harvest. Fruits attacked in the UK include raspberry, strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, cherry and grapes and 25-100% of strawberry and cherry crops were lost during 2016\. The value of UK horticulture production is £400 m pa, and an estimated £20-30 m pa is currently spent on controlling the pest. Equivalent losses and costs are experienced in the US and other European countries where SWD has established. Best practice approaches include rigorous removal and destruction of waste fruit and use of insect mesh barriers. These are costly and growers still revert to routine pesticide applications to prevent economic damage. This strategy is not sustainable. Consumers increasingly demand produce free of insecticide residues and it is vital to prevent emergence of insecticide resistance in the pest. Furthermore, the need to use chemical insecticides against SWD is compromising the impressive programmes of integrated pest management that growers have developed against other pests and diseases.This research project will provide the basis for development of new products for control of SWD in a sustainable manner, compatible with integrated pest management. The product will use novel lures to attract the flies to a device which infects them with a new strain of fungus which is highly pathogenic to the flies but not to other organisms. The infected flies are released and the fungus can be passed on to other flies before killing the infected individuals, thus greatly enhancing the impact of the initial infection in a way not possible with other products.The commercial partners are the leading UK producer of biorational pest control agents and the UK's foremost berry and stone fruit production and marketing group. The academic partners are two research institutes with long experience in research on insect attractants and management of SWD. This will ensure timely delivery of research outputs which are suitable for commercial production and acceptable to growers. The research will provide the basis for development of at least three new products with worldwide market potential and their use will increase productivity and profitability of the UK horticulture industry."