GENETIC AND BIOBEHAVIORAL MARKERS OF DIETARY COMPLIANCE

女性患乳腺癌的风险增加与 脂肪消费量增加， 蔬菜和水果。针对癌症的饮食指南 预防建议减少脂肪饮食和/或消费 每天至少五份水果和蔬菜（5-A-Day 程序）。然而，饮食行为往往是牢固建立的， 人们对饮食改变的障碍知之甚少， 饮食癌症预防方案依从性的预测因子。 我们发现了两种不同的味觉标记 与蔬菜和脂肪的不同消费有关， 分别 第一个标记是基因介导的 对N-丙基硫氧嘧啶（PROP）的苦味敏感。在 过去的研究，拒绝味道不好的食物，特别是 十字花科蔬菜，已被链接到PROP品尝地位。我们 假设PROP“超级味觉者”的特征在于 习惯性低蔬菜消费，并将证明抵抗 一天五次的节食计划第二个味觉标记是感官 对糖/脂肪混合物的偏好概况。对甜味剂的反应 在一个模型系统中，乳制品被认为可以预测偏好， 乳制品脂肪，女性饱和脂肪的主要来源。如果 有两个因素可以与消费模式联系起来， 作为饮食暴露于改变癌症的物质的标志 风险 因此，我们将检查味觉标记状态和脂肪， 接受乳房活检手术患者的类胡萝卜素摄入量。 膳食摄入量评估将采用FFQ仪器， 电话管理的24小时召回。对蔬菜的偏好 和高脂肪食物将通过问卷调查 仪器这项研究将进一步将类胡萝卜素摄入量与 血浆和组织类胡萝卜素水平（根据IRPU-2获得），以及 研究它们对雌激素受体表达的影响， 间隙连接蛋白（IRPG-4和IRPG-5）。该项目还将 根据每日五餐计划监测饮食依从性， 补充30毫克/天的β-胡萝卜素。 我们假设 PROP品尝者状态和脂肪偏好概况将预测饮食 依从性，作为成功的遗传和生物行为标志 或饮食癌症预防失败。

Increased risk of breast cancer in women has been associated with increased consumption of fats and inadequate consumption of vegetables and fruits. Dietary guidelines aimed at cancer prevention recommend a reduced-fat diet and/or the consumption of at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day (5-A-Day program). However, dietary behaviors tend to be firmly established, and little is known about barriers to dietary change and the predictors of compliance with dietary cancer prevention regimes. We have identified two separate taste markers that may be associated with differential consumption of vegetables and fats, respectively. The first marker is the genetically-mediated sensitivity to the bitter taste of n-propylthiouracil (PROP). In past studies, the rejection of bitter-tasting foods, notably cruciferous vegetables, has been linked to PROP taster status. Our hypothesis is that PROP "supertasters" will be characterized by a habitually low vegetable consumption, and will prove resistant to the 5-A-Day diet plan. The second taste marker is the sensory preference profile for sugar/fat mixtures. Response to sweetened dairy products in a model system is thought to predict preferences for dairy fats, a major source of saturated fat in women. If the two factors can be linked to consumption patterns, they may serve as markers of dietary exposure to substances that alter cancer risk. We will therefore examine taste marker status and fat and carotenoid intakes in patients undergoing breast biopsy procedure. Dietary intake assessment will employ an FFQ instrument and 4 days of telephone-administered 24-hr recalls. Preferences for vegetables and high-fat foods will be established using a questionnaire instrument. The study will further link carotenoid intakes with plasma and tissue carotenoid levels (obtained under IRPU-2), and examine their impact on the expression of estrogen receptors and gap-junction proteins (IRPG-4 and IRPG-5). This project will also monitor compliance with a diet based on the 5-A-Day program and supplemented with 30 mg/day beta-carotene. We hypothesize that PROP taster status and fat preference profiles will predict dietary compliance, serving as genetic and biobehavioral markers of success or failure in dietary cancer prevention.