NATURAL HISTORY OF CRACK DISTRIBUTION/ABUSE

在为期2年的密集人种学研究与裂纹 经销商，工作人员已经开发出安全进行研究的技术 在危险的地方，建立融洽的关系和访问网络的裂纹 经销商 研究人员发现了大量证据表明，快克时代已经达到顶峰 并且可能处于平稳状态或有所下降。 裂缝强度 1990年，资深快克滥用者的滥用行为正在减少，而快克 分销商的生计更加困难。 街道中间 吸毒者和高发病风险的青少年， 似乎正在强烈反对使用和销售快克， 女英雄 五份项目出版物、10份工作文件和一本书 项目工作人员的手稿表明生产力很高。 此申请寻求额外5年的支持，以提供 连续性人种志研究在纽约市设计：1。到 记录价格和需求是否发生变化以及变化的程度 可卡因和海洛因2.描述以下方面的紧急和持续变化： 各种现有裂缝的结构和功能 分销集团和使用快克的机构。3.到 描述/记录裂缝自然历史的连续性和变化 卖家/分销商和滥用者。4.记录和比较紧急情况 改变信仰，规范，和实践的"后裂纹时代"的药物 20世纪90年代，"快克时代滥用者"的用户转向快克销售/滥用， 非毒品和非毒品犯罪5.提供持续的流动 关于当前和未来政策的报告和建议 可卡因和快克的分销和滥用 在4 - 8年的赠款期间，工作人员将进行密集的人种志研究， 研究方法：在裂缝中进行广泛的实地工作 分销商/滥用者在几个纽约市社区;写作 观察和谈话的详细现场记录;招聘和 完成密集的基线和半年一次的随访访谈， 100名精心挑选的重点对象， 快克分销者和滥用者的变化模式不同; 转录，编码，分析定性数据;并提供书面报告 在各种政策相关问题上。 工作人员还将进行试点 研究每年与其他人在高风险的裂纹 分发/滥用与紧急行为有关的特定主题， 新的模式

During 2 years of intensive ethnographic research with crack distributors, staff have developed techniques to safely conduct research in dangerous places, build rapport and access networks of crack distributors. Staff find much evidence that the crack era has peaked and may be plateauing or declining somewhat. The intensity of crack abuse is declining among veteran crack abusers in 1990 and crack distributors are having more difficulty earning a living. Among street drug users and youths at very high risk for onset to crack, social norms appear to be shifting strongly against the use and sale of crack and heroine. Five project publications, 10 working papers, and a book manuscript by project staff indicate high productivity. This application seeks an additional 5 years of support to provide continuity in ethnographic research in New York City designed: 1. To document whether and how much change occurs in prices and demand for crack and heroine. 2. To delineate emergent and continuing changes in the structures and functioning of a variety of existing crack distribution groups and crack-using institutions in the 1990s. 3. To describe/document continuity and shifts in the natural history of crack sellers/distributors and abusers. 4. To document and compare emergent and changing beliefs, norms, and practices of "post-crack era" drug users with "crack era abusers" in the 1990s towards crack sales/abuse, noncrack drugs, and nondrug criminality. 5. To provide a continuing flow of reports and recommendations for both current and future policies regarding cocaine and crack distribution and abuse. During grant years 4-8, staff will conduct intensive ethnographic research by: conducting extensive field work among crack distributors/abusers in several New York City communities; writing detailed field notes of observations and conversations; recruiting and completing intensive baseline and semiannual followup interviews with 100 carefully selected focal subjects purposively selected to represent various change patterns among crack distributors and abusers; transcribe, code, analyze qualitative data; and provide written reports on a variety of policy relevant issues. Staff will also conduct pilot studies annually with other persons at high risk for crack distribution/abuse on specific topics related to emergent behaviors and new patterns.