VULNERABILITY TO ADOLESCENT DRUG USE AND DEVIANCE

问题行为理论为人格系统提供了一个不可或缺的角色 在药物使用病因学(DU)中。对其相对有效性的检验 人格作为DU的预测因子，主要强调“直接-- 效果“方法，而不是动态中介模型。 与这种观点相关的问题：(L)青春期人格 可能是许多因素中的一个，这些因素调节着重要的社会 和认知能力；以及(2)大多数对 与DU有关的人格特征强调了他们的“风险生成” 财产，较少强调其作为保护因素的潜在作用。 两条线的研究表明了人格要素的新角色 作为保护因素的结构：(L)经验证实 个性因素可以缓解或抵消风险状况；以及 对保护因素和风险因素的检查表明 它们在对DU进行唯一预测方面的效用。鉴于……的不妥协 许多风险因素，不同的一级预防策略表明 加强预防DU发病的接种效果。 此外，问题行为理论主要集中在早期 DU的不同阶段；然而，经验发现指向不同的 DU早期与晚期的心理社会前兆。实际上， 预防方案可能需要扩大其重点，以包括其他 发展模式，包括维持、恶化和停止 杜克大学。目前的研究建议检查以下各项的相对疗效： 作为预测者的Jessers人格结构的几个关键组成部分 DU(除了测试后果模型之外)。研究设计 包含对分隔为包括控件的数据的二次分析 学生只参加五年纵向校本课程 干预计划。研究中包括的措施涵盖了广泛的 青少年DU和Include的观点：Jessers‘s的元素 人格系统(激励-煽动、感知控制和 知觉信念结构)、心理幸福感、认知 期望(态度)、规范期望、感知的同龄人和成年人 以及与社会和认知能力有关的心理社会措施。 不同类型DU意志发展路径的区别 利用分层回归策略和多元方差 分解适合重复测量。Logistic回归和 判别函数分析将用于经验性区分 绝对组成员身份。将使用结构方程建模来 对比不同的理论模型并组织多个小组 基于人口统计特征的比较，包括年龄、性别、 和种族。结果将形成更强的概念性和经验性 是病因学理论与预防之间的桥梁。

Problem behavior theory posits an integral role for the personality system in the etiology of drug use (DU). Tests of the relative efficacy of personality as a predictor of DU have primarily emphasized "direct- effects" approaches rather than dynamic mediational models. Two essential problems are associated with this view: (l) during adolescence personality may be one of many factors that mediate the effects of important social and cognitive competencies on later DU; and (2) most evaluations of personality features linked to DU have emphasized their "risk-engendering" properties, emphasizing less their potential role as protective factors. Two lines of research suggest a new role for elements of the personality structure as protective factors: (l) empirical confirmation that personality factors may mitigate or offset risk conditions; and examination of protective factors in concert with risk factors demonstrate their utility in predicting uniquely to DU. Given the intransigence of many risk factors, a different primary prevention tactic suggests enhancing inoculatory effects in preventing initiation to DU. Additionally, problem behavior theory has focused mainly on the early stages of DU; however, empirical findings point toward different sets of psychosocial precursors for early versus later stages of DU. In effect, prevention programs may need to broaden their focus to include other developmental patterns including maintenance, exacerbation, and cessation of DU. The current study proposes to examine the relative efficacy of several key components of the Jessors' personality structure as predictors of DU (in addition to testing consequence models). The study design consists of a secondary analysis of data delimited to include control students only participating in a five-year longitudinal school-based intervention program. Measures included in the study span a wide range of perspectives of adolescent DU and include: elements of the Jessors' personality system (motivational-instigation, perceived control, and perceived belief structure), psychological well-being, cognitive expectancies (attitudes), normative expectations, perceived peer and adult DU, and psychosocial measures related to social and cognitive competence. Distinction of developmental pathways for various patterns of DU will utilize hierarchical regression strategies and multivariate variance decomposition appropriate for repeated measures. Logistic regression and discriminant function analysis will be used to distinguish empirically categorical group membership. Structural equation modeling will be used to contrast alternative theoretical models and conduct multiple group comparisons based on demographic characteristics including age, gender, and ethnicity. Results will forge a stronger conceptual and empirical bridge between etiology theories and prevention.