CROSS LANGUAGE PERCEPTION OF VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

这项基础研究的长期目标是明确 语音信号中独特的声学模式 区分不同语言的元音和辅音 探索语言的本质--通用的和特定的语言 成人听者恢复语言的知觉过程 来自复杂声音信号的消息。三套实验是 建议。A)对动力的作用进行声学和知觉研究 德语元音规范中的(时变)声学信息 在连续演讲中产生的将调查相似之处和 北德(NG)和北德(NG)的声学和知觉差异 美国英语(AE)是以英语为母语的元音。B)研究 母语元音与非母语元音的知觉相似性 辅音将考察受试者如何判断 活跃的语音片段到母语类别(跨语言 相似性)以及非母语听众与母语听众的不同之处 在他们对选定的元音和元音集合的知觉相似性判断中 辅音(语言内部的相似性)。NG的元音清单， 日语(J)，将与AE进行比较。此外，AE和J Listers的 声发射近似辅音/r、1、w、j/和声发射听者的判断 我们将考察对印地语终止辅音的判断。C)感知 培训研究将试图改善成年听众对 不活跃的元音和辅音。以英语为母语的人将接受 Ng元音和印地语停顿辅音；将培训说日语的人 浅谈AE元音和近似辅音。这些研究的结果将 更好地理解语言体验的作用 在知觉过程的改变中发挥作用。此外，他们还 提供可能对改进教学有价值的信息 外语对成年人的影响和对感知能力的改善 儿童和成人言语障碍的问题。

The long-term objectives of this basic research are to specify the distinctive acoustic patterns in speech signals that perceptually differentiate the vowels and consonants of different languages and to explore the nature of both language-universal and language-specific perceptual processes by which adult listeners recover the linguistic message from the complex acoustic signal. Three sets of experiments are proposed. A) Acoustic and perceptual studies of the role of dynamic (time-varying) acoustic information in the specification of German vowels produced in continuous speech will investigate similarities and differences in the acoustics and perception of North German (NG) and American English (AE)A vowels by native speakers. B) Studies of the perceptual similarities of native-language and non-native vowels and consonants will examine how subjects judge the goodness-of-fit of non- active phonetic segments to native categories (cross-language similarities) and how non-native listeners differ from native listeners in their perceptual similarity judgments of selected sets of vowels and consonants (within-language similarities). The vowel inventories of NG, Japanese (J), and AE will be compared. In addition, AE and J listeners' judgments of AE approximant consonants/r, 1, w, j/and AE listeners' judgment of Hindi stop consonants will be examined. C) Perceptual training studies will attempt to improve adult listeners' perception of non-active vowels and consonants. English speakers will be trained on NG vowels and Hindi stop consonants; Japanese speakers will be trained on AE vowels and approximant consonants. Results of these studies will provide a better understanding of the role that linguistic experience plays in the modification of perceptual processes. In addition, they contribute information which may be valuable in improving the teaching of foreign languages to adults and in the amelioration of perceptual problems in children and adults with speech disorders.