RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF CHRONIC OZONE EXPOSURE

在室内和流行病学中已经显示出急性臭氧暴露。 导致儿童肺功能可逆性下降的研究。 反复暴露在臭氧中的累积效应对 在动物身上观察到了肺功能和呼吸道症状 人体研究中的研究和建议。流行病学研究证实 目前还缺乏臭氧的慢性影响。的一个特别的弱点 大多数关于空气污染对健康影响的流行病学研究都是 对暴露的错误分类。拟议的研究将建立在现有基础上 加利福尼亚州西米谷儿童健康状况数据 环境臭氧水平较高的住宅社区，使用个人 臭氧监测仪，以量化个人慢性臭氧暴露。这个 哈佛被动臭氧徽章已经过独立测试，并被证明是 无抑制干扰，与连续(+/-12%)相当 臭氧参考监测仪，并有6%之间的采样系数 变种。该取样器已用于多项曝光研究，其中 检出限小于200 ppb/小时。超过一周的集成 时间取样器可以可靠地检测到低于2 ppb的浓度。 密集的个人和微环境监测臭氧暴露将 对320名儿童进行了分层抽样，范围从 新生儿至10岁。个别臭氧的分布 在这个社区内按年龄组划分的儿童之间的接触将是 已评估。将开发特定年龄和性别的模型来估计 基于环境臭氧浓度的慢性暴露，经 个体特征、家庭特征、空间特征和季节特征。的异构性 将对个人慢性臭氧暴露进行评估。的误差方差 长期臭氧暴露的估计值将通过使用 一份验证样本。这些异质性和误差方差的估计 将用于评估单独跟踪的可行性- 慢性臭氧暴露对健康影响的研究进展 孩子们。

Acute exposures to ozone have been shown in chamber and epidemiologic studies to produce reversible declines in pulmonary function of children. The cumulative effects of repeated ozone exposures on permanent changes in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms have been observed in animal studies and suggested in human studies. Epidemiologic studies confirming chronic effects of ozone are currently lacking. A particular weakness of most epidemiologic studies of the health effects of air pollution has been misclassification of exposure. The proposed study would build on existing data on the health status of children in Simi Valley, California, a residential community with high ambient ozone levels, using personal monitors for ozone, to quantify individual chronic ozone exposure. The Harvard passive ozone badge has been independently tested and shown to be free of inhibiting interferences, is comparable (+/-12%) to continuous ozone reference monitors, and has a 6% between sample coefficient of variation. The sampler has been used in several exposure studies with a limit of detection of less than 200 ppb-hrs. Over a one-week integration time the sampler can reliably detect concentrations less than 2 ppb. Intensive personal and micro-environmental monitoring ozone exposures will be undertaken across a stratified sample of 320 children ranging from newborns to 10 years of age. The distribution of individual ozone exposures between children by age groups within this community will be evaluated. Age-and sex-specific models will be developed to estimate chronic exposure based on ambient concentrations of ozone as modified by individual, home, spatial, and seasonal characteristics. Heterogeneity of individual chronic ozone exposure will be evaluated. The error variance of the chronic ozone exposure estimates will be quantified through the use of a validation sample. These estimates of heterogeneity and error variance of exposure will be used to evaluate the feasibility of a separate follow- up study of the health effects of chronic ozone exposures among these children.