NEUROGENETICS OF DROSOPHILA REPRODUCTION

果蝇的生殖行为将通过遗传和 分子生物学方法。通过分析(A)的影响 导致求偶和交配行为异常的突变，以及(B) 这种变异所定义的基因的作用，希望有洞察力 关于苍蝇执行特定物种的“遗传程序设计” 可以获得固定的动作模式。“求爱变异”可能更多 更重要的是：(A)它们可能会造成其他类型的明确界定的缺陷 (B)行为/神经突变体最初分离于非 生殖标准通常会导致男性的特殊异常- 女性之间的互动。因此，从另一个角度来看待 生殖遗传学研究涉及多向性，或“基因” 多功能性“，以及由此可能出现的一般性 调查--请记住，类似的故事正在出现 来自涉及脊椎动物的神经遗传学研究(因此，可能是长期的- 对果蝇的实验的“健康相关性”范围)。这个 某些求爱的分子方面--基因工程允许 物种形成和进化问题需要通过表征来解决 自然发生的遗传变异和通过对它们进行生物检测 行为设置。有待研究的具体基因是：(A)NO-on-on- 暂时性-A/不和谐[它对求爱歌曲和视觉的影响 行为：基因内区域的体外突变，包括 它可能具有核酸结合活性--通过 免疫组织化学实验.测定 假设无效和有条件的突变；对“局部”的剖析 NONA表达式关于子集的相关性 表型缺陷.种间NONA变异体和推测的分离 种内变异]；(B)杂音[这首歌突变体的关系，以及 一种新分离的CAC歌唱缺陷突变--克隆和定位 对视觉缺陷和胚胎致死突变体的鉴定， 通过互补模式连接到CAC；镶嵌分析 歌曲缺陷的假定胸酸神经与肌肉病灶]；(C) 无果[基因座识别，3个转座子标记的部分基因片段辅助 突变体；对其中2个突变体的报告基因表达的评估， 在与果仁相关的多效性(行为不育， 异常的求爱歌曲，异常的男性之间的求爱，有缺陷的男性- 特定肌肉发育)；是否有功能丧失的突变体 作为一种可行的、有行为缺陷的、人工合成的缺失产生， 或者该基因座上的某些致命性变异是否代表空 表型？]；(D)一种新的常染色体近不育男性[分析 行为缺陷，包括可能的听觉或化学感觉缺陷； 新等位基因的分离；基因座分离的启动 转座子标记的原始突变的性质]；(E)时期[生物测定 在求偶实验中，每个克隆的黑腹盘藻和拟盘尾盘藻 与“发送者-接收者耦合”假说有关；自适应 种内每个变异性的意义，通过评估 假定的地理倾斜面。]

Reproductive behavior in Drosophila will be studied by genetic and molecular biological approaches. By analyzing (a) the effects of mutations causing anomalies in courtship and mating behavior, and (b) the action of the genes defined by such variants, it is hoped that insights about the "genetic programming" of the flies to perform species-specific fixed action patterns can be gained. "Courtship mutations" can be more than that: (a) they might cause other kinds of sharply defined defects (see below); (b) behavioral/neural mutants initially isolated on non- reproductive criteria often lead to particular abnormalities of male- female interactions. Thus, another angle from which to view the reproductive-genetic studies concerns pleiotropies, or "gene versatilities", and generalities that may emerge from these investigations -- keeping in mind that analogous stories are emerging from neurogenetic studies involving vertebrates (hence, a possible long- range "health relevance" of the experiments on Drosophila). The molecular sides of certain courtship-genetic projects has allowed speciation and evolutionary issues to be addressed by characterizing naturally occurring genetic variations and by bioassaying them in behavioral settings. The specific genes to be studied are: (a) no-on- transient-A/dissonance [its effects on courtship song and visual behavior: in-vitro mutagenesis of intragenic regions, including those that could have nucleic-acid binding activity -- augmented by immunohistochemical experiments; determination of effects of hypothetically null and conditional mutations; dissection of the "local relevance" of nonA expression with regard to the subsets of the phenotypic defects; isolation of interspecific nonA variants and putative intraspecific ones]; (b) cacophony [relationship of this song mutant, and a newly isolated cac singing-defective mutation -- via cloning and locus- identification -- to visual-defect and embryonic lethal mutants, which are connected to cac by complementation patterns; mosaic analysis of putative thoracid neural vs. muscular foci for the song defect]; (c) fruitless [locus-identification, aided by 3 transposon tagged partial-fru mutants; assessment of reporter-gene expression in 2 of these mutants, against a background of fru-associated pleiotropy (behavioral sterility, aberrant courtship song, anomalous inter-male courtships, defective male- specific muscle development); has a loss-of-function mutant been generated as a viable, behaviorally defective, fru-synthetic deletion, or do certain lethal variants at the locus represent the null phenotype?]; (d) a new autosomal male-near-sterile [analysis of behavioral defects, including possibly auditory or chemosensory ones; isolation of new alleles; initiation of locus isolation, given transposon-tagged nature of the original mutation]; (e) period [bioassays of D. melanogaster and D. simulans per clones, in courtship experiments related to "sender-receiver coupling" hypothesis; inferences on adaptive significance of intraspecific per variability, via assessment of a putative geographical cline.]