NEUROGENETICS OF DROSOPHILA REPRODUCTION

果蝇的繁殖是通过遗传学分析的。 长期目标是 在明确定义的基因型变异和 苍蝇在求偶期间的几个特定动作， 交配 这一分析还深入探讨了固定动作的神经基础 模式，如受到突变和遗传镶嵌的影响。 为 例如，性染色体的特定部分的性染色体构成， 在雌雄同体中，CNS通过酶标记物鉴定， 性行为的可量化成分。 马赛克也是 用于确定直接受行为突变影响的组织 导致异常的生殖行为 其中一些变体是 与嗅觉控制求偶苍蝇之间的相互作用有关; 这些行为也通过信息素的分析进行了研究 由不同基因型的苍蝇产生。 另一个基本方面是 苍蝇之间的沟通，因为他们的法院是视觉，其作用，在这些 行为是用突变来评估的;其中一些具有非常选择性的 对视觉系统的影响，从而提供了独特的工具， 对CNS的不同输入的重要性。 集中控制 生殖行为也是通过突变来研究的， 出乎意料地，以特定的方式影响求爱和交配：这些是 具有学习障碍的变异体或表现出异常 昼夜节律 前者在有条件的求爱中有缺陷， 它也与嗅觉控制生殖有很强的联系; 后者对短期行为振荡有显着影响， 也就是说，在雄性求偶时翅膀振动的具体特征上。 的 求爱中异常学习和改变歌曲的神经基础 节奏，是探讨使用马赛克的原则和技术类似， 那些适用于“简单”的视觉和嗅觉方面， 生殖 从这个多方面的基因中浮现出来的一幅画面 对这些高级行为的攻击是如何相互关联的感觉和 果蝇行为的中枢机制：不仅是视觉， 气味影响求爱和交配--正如预期的那样， 基因上的精确定义--但是神经机制控制着 条件反射和昼夜节律也与那些 负责繁殖的固定动作模式。

Reproduction in Drosophila is analyzed genetically. A long-term goal is to establish connections between well-defined genotypic variations and the several specific actions performed by the flies during their courtship and mating. This analysis also delves into the neural basis of fixed action patterns, as impinged upon by mutations and genetic mosaicism. For example, the sex chromosomal constitution of particular portions of the CNS, in gynandromorphs, is identified by enzymatic markers and correlated with quantifiable components of sex-specific behavior. Mosaics are also used to determine the tissues directly affected by behavioral mutations that lead to aberrant reproductive behavior. Some of these variants are related to the olfactory control of interactions between courting flies; these behaviors are also studied through the analysis of pheromones produced by flies of various genotypes. Another basic aspect of communication between flies as they court is vision, whose role in these behaviors is assessed with mutations; some of these have very selective effects on the visual system and thus provide unique tools for dissecting the importance of different inputs into the CNS. The central control of reproductive behavior is also studied with mutations that, perhaps unexpectedly, affect courtship and mating in specific ways: these are variants with learning disabilities or mutants that exhibit aberrant circadian rhythms. The former are defective in conditioned courtship, which also has strong connections to the olfactory control of reproduction; the latter have dramatic effects on short-term behavioral oscillations, that is, in specific features of the male's courtship wing vibrations. The neural basic of aberrant learning in courtship, and of the altered song rhythms, is probed using the mosaic principles and techniques analogous to those applied to the "simpler" visual and olfactory aspects of reproduction. A picture that emerges from this multi-faceted genetic attack on these higher behaviors is how interrelated are the sensory and central mechanisms underlying the fly's actions: Not only do sights and smells influence courtship and mating--as expected, but in ways that are precisely definable genetically--but the neural mechanisms controlling conditioning and circadian rhythms are also tightly entwined with those responsible for the fixed action patterns of reproduction.