PARENTAL WORK, FAMILY DYNAMICS, & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

这项拟议的研究使用家庭内部设计来探索如何 父母工作和青少年个人的特点 特征与不同的家庭社会化有关 青少年兄弟姐妹的经历。我们关注的是两者的特点 父母的工作(工作自主性、工作压力和与工作相关的资源和 需求)，以及这些需求如何与家庭动态的两个方面联系起来：(1) 父母的育儿策略(花在孩子身上的时间，管教， 监控青少年的活动、成熟需求和情绪 支持)；和(2)家庭角色和关系(性别角色、婚姻 冲突、兄弟姐妹关系)。开始理清…的角色 父母特征和父母风格从儿童效应的角度进行比较 青春期两兄弟姐妹的经历和心理社会功能 每个家庭。 样本将包括200个有两个青少年的双职工家庭 兄弟姐妹。数据将在三个时间点收集：第一个孩子 兄弟姐妹大约15岁，是第二个孩子，大约 13岁，每年间隔两次。这种设计允许 美国将解决三个纵向问题：(1)连续性和 兄弟姐妹不同家庭经历的变化；(2) 哪些家庭表现出差别待遇(通过兄弟姐妹的比较 相同时间点的体验)与一致的治疗(通过 比较兄弟姐妹在大致相同年龄时的经历)； (3)不同发展轨迹背后的工作/家庭条件 青春期兄弟姐妹的心理社会功能。数据收集将 参与家庭访谈，家长和青少年分别进行报告 关于父母的工作、家庭经历和关系，父母和 青少年人格特征与青春期心理障碍 和一系列的7次电话采访中，青少年 父母报告他们的日常家庭活动(家务、亲子关系 共享活动、家长监督)。 拟议的为期五年的研究将阐明父母工作的作用 和青少年社会化中的家庭动态。此外，使用 多变量家庭概况分析(一种家庭内部方法)，我们将 考察以下方面的经验和结果的异同 处于不同家庭生态环境中的青春期兄弟姐妹。

The proposed research uses a within-family design to explore how characteristics mothers' and fathers' work and adolescents' personal characteristics are linked to differential family socialization experiences of adolescent siblings. We focus on characteristics of both parents' work (job autonomy, job stress, and work-related resources and demands) and how these are linked to two aspects of family dynamics: (1) parents' childrearing strategies (time spent with children, discipline, monitoring of youths' activities, maturity demands, and emotional support); and (2) family roles and relationships (sex roles, marital conflict, sibling relationship). To begin to disentangle the roles of parent characteristics and parental style from "child effects" we compare the experiences and psychosocial functioning of two adolescent siblings in each family. The sample will include 200 dual-earner families with two adolescent siblings. Data will be collected at three timepoints: when firstborn siblings are approximately 15 years of age and secondborns, approximately 13 years of age, and twice again at annual intervals. This design allows us to address three longitudinal issues: (1) the extent of continuity and change in siblings' differential family experiences; (2) the extent to which families exhibit differential treatment (via comparisons of siblings experiences at the same point in time) versus consistent treatment (via comparisons of siblings' experiences when they are roughly the same age); (3) the work/family conditions underlying different trajectories in adolescent siblings' psychosocial functioning. Data collection will involve home interviews in which parents and adolescents report separately about parents' work, family experiences and relationships, parent and adolescent personal characteristics and adolescent psychosoclal functioning and a series of 7 telephone interviews in which adolescents and parents report on their daily family activities (chores, parent-child shared activities, parental monitoring). The proposed five-year study will illuminate the roles of parental work and family dynamics in adolescent socialization. In addition, using multivariate family profile analysis (a within-family approach), we will examine similarities and differences in the experiences and outcomes of adolescent siblings in contrasting family ecologies.