OPTICAL RANGING OF HB/MB IN TISSUES

快速发展的光子扩散技术为 量化血红蛋白饱和度和血液含量的机会 锻炼肢体，而以前只有“趋势迹象”是 有可能。高血压病患者血红蛋白/肌红蛋白的定量测定 现在可以通过极大简化的直接读数来锻炼肢体， 相位调制的时间简化和精度提高 光谱学(PMS)允许使用发光二极管，一方面 一只手和PIN二极管探测器，使这一点直接 在很大范围内可直接测量路径长度 运动肢体的应用。核磁共振氢谱测定肌红蛋白 脱氧能够量化其对光学系统的贡献 Hb+Mb的读数，同时，毛细管床-胞液氧 运动组织中的坡度。拟议的活动将是非常重要的 通过在目标1中进行严格评估，扩展了这些新技术 一种复杂的向组织输送氧气的“肌肉模型” 合适的散射材料和模型毛细管床) 校准新技术和b)评估其在 骨骼肌运动中局部体积的成像。目标2是 比较线粒体缺氧和血红蛋白的脱氧状态 动物肌肉模型中的肌红蛋白，在该模型中，光学方法，1H核磁共振， 和冷冻陷阱氧化还原扫描线粒体氧化还原状态是 与之相比，后者被认为是线粒体的“黄金标准” 缺氧。毛细血管到组织和组织到组织之间的梯度 线粒体的建立和测量将以一种 可通过在AIMS 2中使用IF 1H核磁共振转移到人体受试者 3、光学方法。目标3提出1H的应用 核磁共振法和PMS/TRS法在评价去饱和度中的应用 不同运动方式人体四肢中的血红蛋白和肌红蛋白 从精英到精英的运动能力个人的协议 表演者，正常的受试者，对那些有代谢和遗传的人 生物能能力下降。因此，锻炼的影响 对组织的能力可以在健康和疾病中进行评估。 此外，由于运动不足而导致的运动不足与 一方面，血管床不足，或者代谢/遗传 另一方面，缺陷是很容易辨别的。这些保险箱， 对肌肉性能进行经济有效的评估还没有准备好 用于一般和专业医疗评估，而不使用大型 以及用于核磁共振的限制磁铁或用于PET的放射性材料。

The rapidly advancing technology of photon diffusion has afforded the opportunity to quantify hemoglobin saturation and blood content in the exercising limb, whilst previously only "trend indications" were possible. The quantitation of hemoglobin/myoglobin spectroscopy of the exercising limb is now possible with greatly simplified direct readout, time-simplification and increased precision of the phase modulation spectroscopy (PMS) enables the use of light emitting diodes, on the one hand, and PIN diode detectors on the other, to make this direct measurement of pathlength directly available for wide range of applications to exercising limbs. The 1H NMR determined myoglobin deoxygenation enables a quantification of its contribution to the optical readout of Hb+Mb and at the same time, the capillary bed-cytosol oxygen gradient in exercising tissue. The proposed activity is to be greatly extended with these new technologies as critically evaluated in Aim 1 by a sophisticated "muscle model" of oxygen delivery to tissue with appropriate scattering material and a model capillary bed for a) calibrating new technologies and b) evaluating their performance in imaging localized volumes in exercising skeletal muscle. Aim 2 is to compare mitochondrial hypoxia with deoxygenation states of hemoglobin and myoglobin in an animal muscle model in which the optical methods, 1H NMR, and freeze-trap redox scanning of the mitochondrial redox state are compared, the latter is proposed to be a "Gold Standard" of mitochondrial hypoxia. The gradient between the capillary to tissue and tissue to mitochondrial will be established and measured in a way that is transferable to human subjects through the use if 1H NMR both in Aims 2 and 3, and optical methods. Aim 3 proposes the application of the 1H NMR, and PMS/TRS methods to the evaluation of the desaturation of hemoglobin and myoglobin in exercising limbs of humans in a variety of protocols in individuals of exercise capabilities ranging from elite performers, normal subjects, to those with metabolic and genetic decreases of bioenergetic capability. Thus, the impact of exercise capability upon tissue can be evaluated in heath and disease. Furthermore, the difference between exercise deficiency due to an inadequate vascular bed, on the one hand, or a metabolic/genetic deficiency, on the other, is readily distinguished. These safe, economical and efficient evaluations of muscle performance are not ready for general and specialty medical evaluations without the use of large and confining magnets for NMR or radioactive materials for PET.