SIBLINGS AND PREVENTING POOR ADOLESCENT OUTCOMES

拟议调查的总体目标是扩大我们的研究 强迫性的家庭过程与消极的兄弟姐妹互动之间的关系 (1)在家庭背景下和（2）在预测的调整 青春期和成年早期的困难。 有三大 要实现的目标：第一，测试和完善一个 一个理论驱动的风险儿童模型， 那些已经经历过问题的兄弟姐妹篇们， 假设调整的风险显著更大， 发展类似的不良调整结果;第二，发展 将Patterson和他的同事联系起来的联合模型（Patterson， 1982，1986;Patterson & Band，1986，1989; Patterson，Bank & Stoolmiller， 1990年）不熟练的父母做法与兄弟姐妹负变量 预测不良调整结果的相互作用变量;以及 第三，使用基于观察的微观社会的预测有效性测试 变量来预测后期的调整结果和行为， 包括父母-子女和兄弟姐妹-兄弟姐妹在内的各种背景 在家庭环境中的关系， 自然主义的操场和解决问题的实验室观察，以及 实验室问题解决任务中的同胞-同胞互动。 的 微观社会变量，对目标儿童的负面侵扰（NIC），以及 目标儿童的胁迫行为的负强化（NRC） 微观社会变量基于Herrnstein（1961;1970）匹配定律。 拟议的研究是纵向俄勒冈州青年研究的延伸 (OYS)206名男孩中的大约300名男女兄弟姐妹 目标是OYS。 第一波和第三波的家庭观察 OYS包括这些兄弟姐妹，来自父母的数据已经被 也定期收集。 此外，拟议项目 将从学校和法院收集档案信息， 以及兄弟姐妹和他们父母的回顾性数据， 访谈，问卷调查，和兄弟姐妹互动任务90 OYS 男孩和弟弟的区别 分析包括多指标同胞放大器模型的测试 使用结构方程模型技术， 负的同胞相互作用将解释独特的方差， 除了不熟练的育儿做法所解释的，在四个 适应领域，反社会与内化行为，学校 困难，拒绝同行。 潜在增长模型（LGM） 将被用来测试年长的兄弟姐妹的调整效果 对弟弟妹妹后期适应的影响。 最后， 多元回归技术将被用来检验假设 具体的微观社会（NIC和NRC）将显着预测（1）率 家庭中的强制行为，（2）攻击行为的可能性 在操场上，和（3）目前的兄弟姐妹互动模式， 实验室风险

The overall aim of the proposed investigation is to extend our studies of coercive family processes to the role of negative sibling interactions (1) within the family context and (2) in the prediction of adjustment difficulties in adolescence and early adulthood. There are three major goals to be achieved: first, the testing and refinement of a theoretically driven model of children at risk in which younger siblings of sisters and brothers who have already experienced problems in adjustment are hypothesized to be at significantly greater risk to develop similarly poor adjustment outcomes; second, the development of a conjoint model which links Patterson and his colleagues (Patterson, 1982, 1986;Patterson & Band, 1986, 1989; Patterson, Bank & Stoolmiller, 1990) unskilled parenting practices variables with sibling negative interaction variables in the prediction of poor adjustment outcomes; and third, tests of predictive validity using observation-based microsocial variables to predict both later adjustment outcomes and behaviors in a variety of contexts including parent-child and sibling-sibling relationships in the family context, sibling-peer interaction in naturalistic playground and problem-solving laboratory observation, and sibling-sibling interaction in a laboratory problem-solving task. The microsocial variables, negative intrusions to the target child (NIC), and negative reinforcement of the target child's coercive behavior (NRC) are microsocial variables based on Herrnstein's (1961;1970) matching law. The proposed study is an extension of the longitudinal Oregon Youth Study (OYS) to approximately 300 male and female siblings of the 206 boys targeted in the OYS. Home observations in the first and third waves of the OYS included these siblings, and data from the parents have been collected on a regular basis as well. In addition, the proposed project would gather archival information from schools and courts, and current and retrospective data from the siblings and their parents through interviews, questionnaires, and a sibling interaction task for 90 OYS boy-younger sibling dyas. Analysis include tests of a multiple indicator Sibling Amplifier model using structural equation modeling techniques in which it is hypothesized that Negative Sibling Interaction will account for unique variance, in addition to that explained by Unskilled Parenting Practices, in four adjustment areas, Antisocial and Internalizing Behaviors, School Difficulties, and Rejection by Peers. Latent growth modeling (LGM) will be used to test the effects of an older siblings' adjustment trajectories on the later adjustment of younger siblings. Finally, multiple regression techniques will be used to test the hypothesis specific microsocial (NIC and NRC) will significantly predict (1) rates of coercive behavior in families, (2) the likelihood of aggressive acts in the playground, and (3) current sibling interaction patterns in the lab risk.