STATE-DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF COGNITION

感知、记忆、定向等认知功能发生变化 当我们刚入睡时， 当我们开始做梦的时候。从哲学假设出发， 脑-心是一个完整的系统，我们相信状态依赖 认知的各个方面可能最好从现在的角度来理解， 记录了大脑状态的变化，区分清醒，非快速眼动， （NREM）和REM睡眠。我们的基本概念是， 认知的变化可能与平衡的转变有关。 脑干神经调节系统-从胺能优势的转变 在快速眼动睡眠中胆碱能占优势。我们计划研究 通过分析大脑中的认知功能， 觉醒后即刻，此时大脑仍显示出 前一个睡眠状态的特征。 我们提出了一系列的研究，旨在更好地表征和建模 行为和主观方面的状态依赖性 认知.我们将在两个方面衡量性能的状态依赖性 行为测试：语义启动，测量联想记忆， 感知提示，测量注意力的方向。我们已经表明 两者都对大脑精神状态的变化很敏感。 根据以前的观测记录， 受试者在做梦时对时间、地点和人的定向，我们计划 使用一种新的 基于图论的方法。我们还将探讨 概念的梦想情节连贯性使用一种新的“拼接梦想”的技术。 拟议研究的一个独特之处是纵向的，重复的 措施设计，具有扩展的基于家庭的数据收集部分 介于标准实验室评估之间。为了实现这一目标， 我们将使用新开发的状态评估技术，称为 “睡前小酌”，沿着便携式计算机认知评估 系统因为我们将能够在家庭环境中收集数据，我们 期望消除标准睡眠实验室的许多缺点 实验，并获得更可靠的自然数据。

Such cognitive functions as perception, memory and orientation change markedly when we first fall asleep and then change even more dramatically when we begin to dream. Proceeding from the philosophical assumption that the brain-mind is an integrated system, we believe that state-dependent aspects of cognition may best be understood in terms of the now well- documented changes in brain state that differentiate waking, non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep. Our basic concept is that the state-dependent changes In cognition may be related to the shift in the balance of brainstem neuromodulatory system - a shift from aminergic dominance in waking to cholinergic dominance in REM sleep. We plan to study the effect of this modulatory shift by analyzing cognitive functioning in the immediate post-awakening period, when the brain still evinces characteristics of the preceding sleep state. We propose a series of studies designed to better characterize and model the state-dependent nature of both behavioral and subjective aspects of cognition. We will measure state-dependent aspects of performance on two behavioral tests: semantic priming which measures associative memory and perceptual cuing which measures the orienting of attention. We have shown that both are sensitive to changes in brain-mind state. Building on previous observations documenting the discontinuities of the subjects' orientation to time, place and person during dreaming, we plan to quantify the intensity of orientational instability using a new approach based on graph theory. We will also explore the validity of the concept of dream plot coherence using a novel "spliced dream" technique. One unique feature of the proposed research is the longitudinal, repeated measures design which has an extended home-based data collection segment interposed between standard laboratory assessments. To achieve this goal, we will use a newly developed state assessment technique, called the "Nightcap," along with a portable computer-based cognition assessment system. Because we will be able to collect data in a home setting, we expect to eliminate many of the disadvantages of standard sleep laboratory experimentation, and obtain more reliably naturalistic data.