GRAIN DUST EXPOSURE--PHYSIOLOGIC AND BIOLOGIC CORRELATES

研究：超过500万人面临罹患谷物粉尘的风险 美国和加拿大的相关呼吸道疾病。吸入 颗粒粉尘会急性导致气流异常，并导致肺 慢性健康损害。此外，剧烈的变化预示着 长期异常的发展。这个项目的总体目标是 是研究发生在肺部的急性生理反应 暴露在谷物粉尘中的人类，以及它们的生物相关性。 将对幼稚的受试者进行交叉研究，以比较它们的效果 用缓冲盐水吸入对玉米粉尘提取物的激发作用 剂量与工人在以下时间吸入的粉尘量相似 在工作环境中度过的一天。空气流量、肺容量和气体的变化 在吸气挑战前后测量交换。这个 炎症反应将在不同的解剖区域进行评估 使用支气管镜和灌洗程序对肺进行采样 分别为薄壁组织、小气道和大气道。灌洗液 细胞密度、细胞因子水平和相应的细胞mRNA水平 这些不同的区域将与肺组织的变化相关 功能。将使用类似的协议来评估 个体宿主因素，如种族背景、特应性疾病、哮喘、 吸烟和性别。进一步的调查将检验 反复暴露，并养成耐受性。 环境：爱荷华大学是一个独特的环境，在那里 肺部医学、职业医学、 和流行病学都是现成的。Schwartz博士、Merchant博士和 浑宁哈克是国家公认的职业性肺病专家 内科和肺科 部门高度致力于创造环境并提供 临床和基础研究取得成功所需的资源。 与预防医学部和 环境健康和放射学，以及获得最 当前的细胞和分子技术创造了独特的机会 研究各级职业性肺病。这是无可比拟的 情况将允许候选人继续他的研究和事业 在非常有利的情况下进球。

Research: Over 5 million people are at risk for developing grain dust related respiratory illness in the United States and Canada. Inhalation of grain dust can result in airflow abnormalities acutely, and pulmonary health impairment chronically. Moreover, acute changes predict the development of long-term abnormalities. The overall goal of this project is to investigate the acute physiologic responses that occur in the lungs of humans exposed to grain dust, and their biological correlates. Crossover studies will be done on naive subjects to compare the effects of inhalation challenge with buffered saline to extracts of corn dust in doses which are analogous to the amount of dust inhaled by workers during a day in the work environment. Changes in airflow, lung volume and gas exchange will be measured before and after inhalation challenge. The inflammatory response will be evaluated in different anatomic regions of the lung using bronchoscopy with lavage procedures which will sample the parenchyma, small, and large airways separately. Lavage fluid cellularity, cytokine levels, and corresponding cellular mRNA levels from these different regions will be correlated with changes in pulmonary function. Similar protocols will be used to evaluate the impact of individual host factors such as ethnic background, atopy, asthma, smoking, and gender. Further investigation will examine the effects of repeated exposure, and the development of tolerance. Environment: The University of Iowa is a unique environment in which high quality research training in Pulmonary Medicine, Occupational Medicine, and Epidemiology are readily available. Drs. Schwartz, Merchant and Hunninghake are nationally recognized experts in occupational lung diseases, and the Department of Internal Medicine and the Pulmonary Division are highly committed to creating the environment and providing the resources necessary for success in clinical and basic investigation. Collaboration with the departments of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, and Radiology, as well as access to the most current cellular and molecular techniques creates unique opportunities to study occupational lung diseases at all levels. This incomparable situation will allow the candidate to pursue his research and career goals in very favorable circumstances.