PILOT AGING AND AVIATION SAFETY

描述：此应用程序的广泛、长期目标是 更好地了解老化对飞行员性能的影响并改进 航空安全。具体目的是(1)考察二者之间的关系 老龄化与飞行员坠机风险之间的关系；(2) 检查老龄化和飞行员参与的风险之间的关系 航空违法；(3)考察心理社会之间的关系 由工作内容工具测量的量表，以及健康状况和 安全表现，包括参与空难和 违规行为；(4)检查医疗条件在航空中的作用 老化过程中的撞车和违规行为，并评估其有效性 现时一级飞行员在侦测医疗及医疗事故方面的医疗标准为何 影响飞行员表现的心理生理因素；及(5) 在科学和公共社区传播成果，并制定 相关政策建议。使用队列设计，该项目将 对美国通勤航空公司和航空公司的随机抽样进行了12年的跟踪调查 45-49岁持有一级体检证书的出租汽车驾驶员 (n=1500)或50-54岁(n=1500)。纵向数据： 人口统计，医疗条件，飞行经历，飞行经历， 安全实践、心理社会和行为因素与空难 并通过反复访谈调查收集违规记录， 医疗证书记录，飞行员和坠机监控系统 联邦航空局和全国运输安全委员会。主要假设是飞行员的年龄和工作 压力独立地与显著增加的风险有关 参与空难和违规行为，并发展 取消资格的医疗条件，飞行员之间的关系 年龄、工作压力和安全表现可以通过飞行经验进行调整。

DESCRIPTION: The broad, long-term objectives of this application are to better understand the effects of aging on pilot performance and to improve aviation safety. The specific aims are (1) to examine the relationship between aging and the risk of pilot involvement in aviation crashes; (2) to examine the relationship between aging and the risk of pilot involvement in aviation violations; (3) to examine the relationships between psychosocial scales as measured by the Job Content Instrument, and health status and safety performance, including involvement in aviation crashes and violations; (4) to examine the role of medical conditions in aviation crashes and violations in the process of aging and assess the effectiveness of the current medical standards for Class I pilots in detecting medical and psychophysiological factors influencing pilot performance; and (5) to disseminate the results in scientific and public communities and make relevant policy recommendations. Using a cohort design, this project will follow up for 12 years a random sample of U.S. commuter air carrier and air taxi pilots with Class I medical certificates whose ages were 45-49 years (n=1,500) or 50-54 years (n=1,500) in 1987. Longitudinal data on demographics, medical conditions, flight experience, exposure to flight, safety practices, psychosocial and behavioral factors, and aviation crash and violation records will be collected through repeated interview surveys, medical certificate records, and the airman and crash surveillance systems of the FAA and NTSB. The primary hypotheses are that pilot age and job strain are independently associated with significantly increased risks of involvement in aviation crashes and violations and development of disqualifying medical conditions, and that the relationships between pilot age, job strain and safety performance can be modified by flight experience.