INFORMATION AND COGNITION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION

这里提出的研究直接来自两个时期进行的研究。 融资的前几个阶段。在初期（1988-1990年）， 学生使用INQUIRER的效果，一个事实和文本的基础， 细菌学在第二个（1990年至今），我们研究了 学生的搜索能力和他们的个人知识之间的关系， 细菌学、药理学和毒理学领域。第三 阶段，这里描述的，我们将创建和研究的功效 我们现有的微生物学查询的重要扩展， 药理学 尽管我们之前的研究涉及到计算机的使用- 基于教育资源在临床前几年只，在此 在第一阶段，我们还将研究这些资源， 多年的医学教育。 我们的第三阶段研究有以下具体目标， 在四年内处理： l）更深入地探讨领域知识之间的关系， 事实和文本库的搜索能力，并解决问题 精通三个生物医学领域。这项工作是，以一个 在很大程度上，我们的第二个研究设计的复制 阶段，使用额外的一批学生。然而，在这些研究中， 学生将使用图形用户界面，而不是形式- 面向前一个INQUIRER的接口。 2)研究什么形式的信息资源更好地满足人们的需求 不同经验水平的学习者。我们将解决这个问题 通过创建应用程序的两个版本：一个具有完全清晰的 超媒体环境和另一个只有布尔搜索 类似于现有的查询功能。我们将使用 这两个不同的版本，当他们的个人知识是低， 也当它是相对高的，以确定是否和在什么时候 一种格式在帮助学生解决问题方面是上级的。 3)详细探索学生如何使用信息资源解决 临床导向的问题。为此，我们将创建一系列 临床模拟和增强的INQUIRER提供给学生作为一个 资源，这是很容易访问，因为他们通过模拟工作 作为他们内科临床实习的一部分我们将 构建影响图，使我们能够客观地评估每一个 学生在这些模拟中的表现。这将使我们能够研究 什么时候以及在什么情况下，学生可以提高他们的表现， 临床病例问题的援助，从结构化的信息资源。

The studies proposed here flow directly from research conduced during two previous stages of funding. In the initial stage (1988-1990), we studied the effects of student use of INQUIRER, a fact and text base in bacteriology. In the second (1990-present), we examined the relationship between student's searching proficiency and their personal knowledge in the domains of bacteriology, pharmacology, and toxicology. In the third phase, described here, we will create and study the efficacy of significant extensions of our existing INQUIRER in microbiology and pharmacology. Whereas our previous research involved the use of computer- based educational resources during the preclinical years only, in this phase we will also study these resources as integrated into the clinical years of medical education. Our third phase of research has the following specific aims to be addressed over four years: l) To explore in greater depth the relationship between domain knowledge, searching proficiency of a fact and text base, and problem solving proficiency across three biomedical domains. This work is, to a significant extent, a replication of the research design of our second phase, using an additional cohort of students. However, in these studies students will be using a graphical user interface as opposed to the form- oriented interface of the previous INQUIRER. 2) To study what form of information resource better serves the needs of learners at differing levels of experience. We will address this question by creating two versions of the application: one with a fully articulated hypermedia environment and another with only a Boolean searching capability analogous to existing INQUIRER. We will compare students using these two different versions, when their personal knowledge is low and also when it is relatively high, to determine whether and at which time one format is superior in helping students solve problems. 3) To explore in detail how students use an information resource to solve clinically oriented problems. To this end we will create a series of clinical simulations and an enhanced INQUIRER available to students as a resource which is easily accessible as they work through the simulations as part of their clinical clerkship in internal medicine. We will construct influence diagrams that allow us to evaluate objectively each student's performance on these simulations. This will enable us to study when and with what effect students can enhance their performance on clinical case problems with aid from a structured information resource.