BASAL GANGLIA AND CEREBELLAR INPUTS TO PREFRONTAL CORTEX

已知基底神经节和小脑接受来自 大脑皮质的广泛区域，如前额叶， 顶叶后叶和颞叶。根据一种观点，这些 传入信息整合在基底节和小脑中，并定向 到初级运动皮质，或其他皮质运动区，用于 运动的控制。然而，亚历山大、德龙和斯特里克(1986) 而Leiner，Leiner和Dow(1991,1993)提出了显著的 来自基底节和小脑的部分输出针对 额叶的相同区域，它们从那里接受输入。因此， 根据这一方案，有可能出现几个非马达“回路” 存在于前额叶皮质、基底节和小脑之间。 尽管没有直接的解剖学证据证明 这样的循环，已经有很多关于它们的作用的建议了 神经和精神障碍。建议的实验是 旨在检查前额叶环路的可能存在和 基底节和小脑在认知中的潜在作用 功能。首先，将确定基底节和 小脑与前额叶区域有解剖联系。 已知与认知功能有关的皮质。第二， 这些路径彼此之间以及从这些路径分离的程度 前面描述的涉及运动功能的通路将 要下定决心。为了解决这些问题，逆行跨神经元 用1型单纯疱疹病毒McIntyre-B株运输将 用在头猴身上。这项技术将使直接 观察基底节和小脑中的任何通路 指向不同的前额叶区域。

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are known to receive inputs from widespread regions of the cerebral cortex, such as the prefrontal, posterior parietal, and temporal lobes. According to one viewpoint, these inputs are integrated in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, and directed to the primary motor cortex, or other cortical motor areas, for use in the control of movement. However, Alexander, Delong, and Strick (1986) and Leiner, Leiner, and Dow (1991, 1993), proposed that significant portions of the output from the basal ganglia and cerebellum target the same regions of the frontal lobe which they receive input from. Thus, according to this scheme, it is possible that several non-motor "loops" exist between the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Despite the absence of direct anatomical evidence for the existence of such loops, there have been many suggestions about their role in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The proposed experiments are designed to examine the possible existence of the prefrontal loops and the potential role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in cognitive function. First, it will be determined if the basal ganglia and cerebellum have anatomical connections with regions of the prefrontal cortex that are known to be involved in cognitive function. Second, the degree of separation of these pathways from each other and from previously-described pathways that are involved in motor functions will be determined. To address these issues, retrograde transneuronal transport with the McIntyre-B strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 will be used in cebus monkeys. This technique will enable the direct observation of any pathways in the basal ganglia and cerebellum which are directed to the different prefrontal regions.