TRAIT MARKER FOR PANIC DISORDER

描述（申请人摘要）：根据大量证据， 窒息警报阈值异常是恐慌症的基础 这 该项目旨在确定这种异常，表现在恐慌， 二氧化碳吸入后的攻击，构成了一个性状标记， 恐慌症 下面描述了一个高风险的范例来测试这两个 灵敏度和特异性。 该项目还力求完善 用于识别有意义超敏反应的定义和阈值 二氧化碳，并探讨这种超敏反应和病态之间的关系， 童年分离焦虑 最后，它将评估关系 二氧化碳过敏症，儿童期分离焦虑症 灵敏度 因此，它将致力于综合病因学理论。 从未患病的受试者将按家族史分组， 22人有患惊恐障碍的高风险，22人有患情感障碍的高风险， 这两种疾病的风险都很高。 另外两组从未患病的受试者 将通过参加门诊设施的患病先证者确定; 33 会有一个先证者患有原发性抑郁症并发恐慌症， 22例先证者患有惊恐障碍，并发继发性 萧条 所有高风险受试者将接受结构化诊断 面谈和二氧化碳吸入测试 此外，对于每个高风险 受试者中，将对定义谱系的患病家庭成员进行访谈 直接. 根据预测，恐慌症只会发生在 有自主性恐慌症家族史的人 而且 对CO2吸入的超敏反应与 有病态童年分离焦虑症病史 评估者将通过简短的电话与受试者保持年度联系 采访 如果这项研究的预测持续下去， 将针对延长随访期， 最终，十年的诊断重新评估。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): According to substantial evidence, an abnormal threshold for suffocation alarm underlies panic disorder. This project aims to determine whether this abnormality, as manifested in panic attacks following carbon dioxide inhalation, constitutes a trait marker for panic disorder. The following describes a high-risk paradigm to test both sensitivity and specificity. The project also seeks to refine the definitions and thresholds used to identify meaningful hypersensitivity to CO2 and to explore relationships between such hypersensitivity and morbid childhood separation anxiety. Finally, it will assess the relationship between CO2 hypersensitivity, morbid childhood separation anxiety sensitivity. It will thus work toward a synthesis of etiological theories. Never-ill subjects will be grouped by family history to yield 64 at high risk for panic disorder, 22 at high risk for affective disorder and 22 at high risk for neither disorder. Another two groups of never-ill subjects will be identified through ill probands attending an outpatient facility; 33 will have a proband with primary depression complicated by panic attacks and 22 will have a proband with panic disorder complicated by secondary depression. All high-risk subjects will undergo structured diagnostic interviews and a CO2 inhalation test. In addition, for each high-risk subject, the ill family member who defines the pedigree will be interviewed directly. According to predictions, panic attacks will occur only among subjects with a family history of autonomous panic disorder. Moreover, a relationship will emerge between hypersensitivity to CO2 inhalation and a history of morbid childhood separation anxiety. Raters will maintain annual contact with subjects using brief telephone interviews. If the study's predictions are sustained, subsequent efforts will be directed toward lengthening the follow-up period and toward an eventual, ten-year diagnostic reassessment.