ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PRIMING AND RECOLLECTION

这项建议的目的是扩大我们对心理健康的认识。 而记忆的生理基础主要来自头皮的记录 语言和图片刺激的事件相关电位(ERPs) 各种内隐和外显记忆任务。目前的证据表明 300毫秒到800毫秒之间的延迟正分量可以索引 有意识的回忆，而几个较早的成分可能是相关的 到知觉引爆。我们计划测试这些工作假说。这个 由此产生的数据应该会进一步加深我们对独立性的了解， 相互依存，以及基本进程的相对时序 知觉启动、概念启动与外显测试成绩 对记忆的记忆。建议的研究继续我们对Word的研究 启动(知觉和概念)和识别记忆使用 以不同方式影响一个度量的操作，但不影响 其他的。我们还将把这些问题扩展到图片上。几个 实验还将像我们所想的那样利用记忆障碍患者 这种结合的方法对于完全理解记忆是必要的 机制，并验证建议的内存相关链接 以事件相关电位测量为索引的过程及其大脑底物。 通过将呈现方式从研究(听觉)改变为测试 (可视)，Expt.1将研究一种假设，即早期枕骨 在词汇判断任务中，词引起的负性是一个指标 知觉启动。示例：2将研究这一效应的特殊性。 通过复制Expt.L采用了一项听觉词汇判断任务。例证 3将通过以下方式检查回忆模板的通道独立性 检查听觉词汇判断时诱发的事件相关电位 加工水平研究后的交错再认判断 操纵。示例：4将隔离与以下各项关联的ERP组件 词干完成任务中的知觉启动通过改变 字体和打字从一项研究到一项测试。示例：5次尝试挑逗分开 视觉事件相关电位的知觉启动效应和概念启动效应 在任一研究中，完成和线索回忆过程中的单词词干 相同的(视觉的)或不同的(听觉的)模式。摘录。6和7 利用词干补全范式中的对立性方法 因启动而导致的促进与因故意而导致的促进分开 取回。为此，请进行实验。6的关注度会有所不同 在学习中针对单词，同时进行实验。7也将呈现文字 简短地允许识别(例如7)。摘录。8和9将检查 感知(与研究相同的标志)和概念(不同的标志 来自研究)图片片段在其之前的事件相关电位启动效应 身份证明。示例：10-Il使用健忘症患者和老年对照组 进一步验证我们显式测试的启动和记忆事件相关电位指标。

This proposal is aimed at expanding our knowledge of the psychological and physiological bases of memory primarily from scalp recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) to verbal and pictorial stimuli in a variety of implicit and explicit memory tasks. Current evidence suggests that a late positive component between 300 and 800 msec may index conscious recollection while several earlier components may be related to perceptual priming. We plan to test these working hypotheses. The resulting data should further our knowledge as to the independence, interdependence, and relative timing of the processes underlying perceptual priming, conceptual priming, and performance on explicit tests of memory. The proposed studies continue our investigations of word priming (perceptual and conceptual) and recognition memory using manipulations that differentially affect measures of one but not the other. We will also extend these questions to pictures. Several experiments will also utilize patients with memory disorders as we think that such a combined approach is necessary to fully understand memory mechanisms and to validate the proposed links between memory-related processes and their brain substrates as indexed by ERP measures. By altering the modality of presentation from study (auditory) to test (visual), Expt. 1 will investigate the hypothesis that an early occipital negativity elicited by words in a lexical decision task is an index of perceptual priming. Expt. 2 will examine the specificity of this effect by replicating Expt. l employing an auditory lexical decision task. Expt 3 will examine the modality independence of the recollection template by examining the ERPs elicited during an auditory lexical decision with interleaved recognition judgements following a levels-of-processing study manipulation. Expt. 4 would isolate the ERP components associated with perceptual priming in the word stem completion task by altering both the font and typecase from study to test. Expt. 5 attempts to tease apart perceptual and conceptual priming effects by examining ERPs to visual word stems during completion and cued recall following study in either the same (visual) or a different (auditory) modality. Expts. 6 & 7 utilize the method of opposition in a word stem completion paradigm to separate facilitation due to priming from that due to intentional retrieval. To that end, Expt. 6 will vary the amount of attention directed at words during study while Expt. 7 will present words too briefly to allow identification (Expt. 7). Expts. 8 & 9 will examine perceptual (for same token as study) and conceptual (for token different from study) ERP priming effects on picture fragments prior to their identification. Expt. 10-Il use amnesic patients and elderly controls to further validate our ERP indices of priming and memory tested explicitly.