CROSS LANGUAGE PERCEPTION OF VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

这项基础研究的长期目标是具体说明 语音信号中的独特声学模式， 区分不同语言的元音和辅音， 探索语言共性和语言个性的本质 成年听众恢复语言的知觉过程 从复杂的声学信号中提取信息。 三组实验是 提出了 A）动态的作用的声学和感知研究 德语元音规范中的（时变）声学信息 在连续语音中产生的将调查相似性， 北德语（NG）的声学和感知差异， 美式英语（AE）母语为英语的人使用的元音。 B）研究 母语和非母语元音的感知相似性， 辅音将检查受试者如何判断非辅音的拟合优度， 活动语音段到本地类别（跨语言 相似性）以及非母语听众与母语听众的不同之处 在他们的感知相似性判断选定的元音和 辅音（语言内的相似性）。 NG的元音库存， 将比较日本人（J）和AE。 此外，AE和J听众的 AE近音辅音/r、1、w、j的判断与AE听者的 将检验印地语塞音的判断。 C）感知 培训研究将试图改善成年听众对 非主动元音和辅音。 英语演讲者将接受培训， NG元音和印地语停止辅音;将培训日语使用者 AE元音和近似辅音的发音 这些研究的结果将 更好地理解语言体验的作用 在感知过程的改变中起作用。 此外他们 提供可能对改进教学有价值的信息 外语的成人和在改善知觉 有语言障碍的儿童和成人的问题。

The long-term objectives of this basic research are to specify the distinctive acoustic patterns in speech signals that perceptually differentiate the vowels and consonants of different languages and to explore the nature of both language-universal and language-specific perceptual processes by which adult listeners recover the linguistic message from the complex acoustic signal. Three sets of experiments are proposed. A) Acoustic and perceptual studies of the role of dynamic (time-varying) acoustic information in the specification of German vowels produced in continuous speech will investigate similarities and differences in the acoustics and perception of North German (NG) and American English (AE)A vowels by native speakers. B) Studies of the perceptual similarities of native-language and non-native vowels and consonants will examine how subjects judge the goodness-of-fit of non- active phonetic segments to native categories (cross-language similarities) and how non-native listeners differ from native listeners in their perceptual similarity judgments of selected sets of vowels and consonants (within-language similarities). The vowel inventories of NG, Japanese (J), and AE will be compared. In addition, AE and J listeners' judgments of AE approximant consonants/r, 1, w, j/and AE listeners' judgment of Hindi stop consonants will be examined. C) Perceptual training studies will attempt to improve adult listeners' perception of non-active vowels and consonants. English speakers will be trained on NG vowels and Hindi stop consonants; Japanese speakers will be trained on AE vowels and approximant consonants. Results of these studies will provide a better understanding of the role that linguistic experience plays in the modification of perceptual processes. In addition, they contribute information which may be valuable in improving the teaching of foreign languages to adults and in the amelioration of perceptual problems in children and adults with speech disorders.