IMAGING STUDIES OF LEARNING AND MEMORY

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：主要目标 拟议的研究是使用神经成像来表征大脑区域。 与外显记忆和技能学习相关的方面。这笔赠款 提出了4组实验设计： 1.描述特定大脑区域与以下各方面的关系 内存编码。建议进行实验以测试是否存在直接的 额叶背侧和内侧颞叶皮质与外显的关系 编码，如果是，与哪些类型的信息或任务需求相关 到特定区域(例如，左侧额叶背侧之间的特定关系 皮层和语言信息的编码)。 2.测试记忆过程中特定处理区域的重新激活 取回。一种普遍而坚定的信念，认为 记忆是这样一种想法，在提取过程中，神经元处理特定的 编码过程中的信息将被重新激活(例如，听觉中的神经元 当一个人试图记住一个声音时，处理区域将被激活)。 然而，测试这一想法的实验取得了好坏参半的结果。 有人提议用实验来对这一说法进行有力的检验。 3.确定大脑区域对技能的具体贡献 学习。为了更全面地描述这种关系，建议进行实验。 不同地区对技能中使用的不同类型的信息 在单一任务中获取(设计跟踪)。其他技能学习 实验探索了用于执行的程序的抽象级别 此任务的不同版本，以及与 信息。 4.考察外显记忆需求对功能性记忆能力的影响 技能学习任务的剖析。最后一系列实验着眼于 外显记忆与程序性记忆的关系 对完成学习任务的受试者的要求。其目的是提供一种 更好地了解显性需求如何与 不利于技能学习，以及相关的功能解剖学 有了这些效果。其次，这些操作可能会提供有用的 关于如何通过以下方式实现学习特定技能的信息 平行的功能解剖路径。这笔赠款的主要目的是 对潜在的神经机制有基本的了解 学习和记忆。然而，一个有益的结果是理解 各个子系统都是养成特定康复能力的 基于对许多平行关系的更全面理解的策略 所涉及的系统以及它们之间的相互作用。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The major goal of the proposed research is to employ neuroimaging to characterize brain areas related to aspects of explicit memory and skill learning. This grant proposes 4 sets of experiments designed: 1. To characterize the relationship of specific brain regions to aspects of memory encoding. Experiments are proposed to test if there is a direct relationship of dorsal frontal and medial temporal cortex to explicit encoding, and if so, what types of information or task demands are related to specific areas (e.g., a specific relationship between left dorsal frontal cortex and the encoding of verbal information). 2. To test for reactivation of specific processing regions during memory retrieval. A commonly and strongly held belief in the neuroscience of memory is the idea that, during retrieval, neurons that processed specific information during encoding will be "reactivated" (e.g., neurons in auditory processing areas will be activated when a person tries to remember a voice). Experiments testing this idea, however, have met with mixed success. Experiments are proposed to provide a strong test of this claim. 3. To characterize the specific contributions of brain areas to the skill learning. Experiments are proposed to characterize more fully the relation of different regions to distinct types of information used in skill acquisition on a single task (design tracing). Other skill learning experiments explore the level of abstraction of programs used to perform different versions of this task, and the functional anatomy related to the information. 4. To examine the effects of explicit memory demands on the functional anatomy of skill learning tasks. A final series of experiments looks at the relation between the explicit and procedural memory by placing explicit demands on subjects performing a learning task. The purpose is to provide a better understanding of how explicit demands interact both beneficially and detrimentally with skill learning, and the functional anatomy associated with these effects. Second, these manipulations may provide useful information about how learning a particular skill may be implemented through parallel functional anatomical pathways. The main purpose of this grant is to develop a basic understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory. However, one beneficial outcome of understanding the various subsystems is the ability to develop specific rehabilitation strategies based on a more complete understanding of the many parallel systems involved, and the interactions between them.