NASAL PRODUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE

描述(改编自申请者的摘要)：杜博伊斯博士 发现空气中一氧化氮气体的浓度下降 慢慢地，男人从鼻子里得到的注意力要集中一千倍 百万分之几)比来自人类的可比呼气样本 肺(十亿分之十二)。这项建议的总体目标是 找出鼻腔中一氧化氮的来源，什么组织 生成它，它如何随异常变化，以及它是否服务于 在保持鼻部健康或对抗鼻部疾病方面的有用用途 空洞。为了实现这项提案的广泛目标，杜博伊斯博士首先 测定鼻腔中一氧化氮的生成和排出速率 然后开始了一项关于人体内一氧化氮浓度的调查 老鼠、豚鼠、猫、狗、猪和猴子的鼻子。他现在有了 从鼻腔收集细胞和组织以进行染色 这些是针对参与一氧化氮合成的特定酶的。 在上皮细胞中有iNOS和cNOS等酶的染色和定位 细胞、内皮细胞或神经组织研究小组将比较 体外一氧化氮的产生和/或破坏的速率 活体测量，考虑到鼻子的尺寸和它的 动物和人类的组织。一氧化氮在血管紧张素转换酶中的作用 鼻腔不仅会根据它的位置推断出来 合成，以及相关组织的类型，还来自药理 和生化刺激或抑制一氧化氮的合成和 增强或抑制宿主防御机制，包括 免疫学、过敏性、细胞性和血管性。因为鼻腔 是吸入颗粒物、微生物制剂、 过敏原、刺激物、气味和有毒气体进入呼吸道， 鼻腔内的膜对这些物质的反应可以 指出吸入的是什么，以及身体对此有何反应。申请者 推测一氧化氮，一种无处不在的媒介，可能介导了一些 宿主的反应，并通过抑制细菌生长，可能会有所帮助 抵抗微生物入侵。他们的研究旨在找出 回答上述问题。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the applicant's abstract): Dr DuBois has discovered that the concentration of nitric oxide gas in air withdrawn slowly from the nose in man is one thousand times more concentrated (12 parts per million) than a comparable sample of expired air from human lungs (12 parts per billion). The overall aim of this proposal is to find out where the nitric oxide arises in the nasal cavity, what tissues generate it, how it varies with abnormality, and whether it serves a useful purpose in maintaining health or combating disease of the nasal cavity. To accomplish the broad aims of this proposal, Dr. DuBois first measured the rate of production and removal of nitric oxide in the nasal cavity of man, then began a survey of nitric oxide concentrations in noses of rats, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, pigs, and monkeys. He now has to collect cells and tissues from the nasal cavity in order to stain these for specific enzymes that take part in nitric oxide synthesis. Having stained and located enzymes, such as iNOS and cNOS, in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, or neural tissue the team will compare the rate of nitric oxide production and/or destruction in vitro with the rates measured in vivo, taking into account the dimensions of the nose and its tissues in animals and man. The functional role of nitric oxide in the nasal cavity will be deduced not only from the location of its synthesis, and type of tissue concerned, but also from pharmacological and biochemical stimulation or suppression of nitric oxide synthesis and enhancement or suppression of host- defense mechanisms including immunologic, allergic, cellular, and vascular. Because nasal passages are the entrance point for inhaled particles, microbial agents, allergens, irritants, odors, and toxic gases into the respiratory tract, the response of the membranes in the nose to those substances can indicate what is inhaled and how the body reacts to it. The applicants speculate that nitric oxide, a ubiquitous mediator, may mediate some of the host responses, and, by suppressing bacterial growth, may help resist microbial invasion. Their studies are designed to find out the answers to the above questions.