ANALYZING TOXICITY TO MAMMALIAN CELLS BY FLOW CYTOMETRY

化学物质在现代生活质量中扮演着重要的角色 世界，工业实验室正在不断开发新的化学品 适用于多种应用的配方。重要的是要刻画出 新化学品的固有毒性使对人体有害的制剂 民众是可以识别的。这项研究计划的目的是 提高化学毒性分析的预测能力和可靠性， 并减少检测所需的动物数量。 多年来的研究强烈表明，高速流式细胞术 (FCM)是一项可以显著改进毒性测试的技术。使用 FCM，细胞通过聚焦的激光束高速移动。细胞 与颗粒大小对应的关联信号和荧光信号 存储到计算机文件中以供以后分析。现代的流式细胞仪 能够以极高的速率(10,000个细胞/秒)分析细胞。 一旦生物、化学和FCM参数优化，FCM技术 能够提供以下评分特征：客观性， 高效率、高吞吐量和前所未有的准确性。进阶 因此，像FCM这样的技术具有极大的潜力 改进毒性分析，使之更快速、更可靠 对化学暴露的生物反应的分析。 本申请的主要研究目标具体涉及 哺乳动物三个重要毒性终点的自动化：染色体 破坏性作用、肿瘤促进和基因突变。这些实验 拟议的第二阶段旨在进一步开发和验证这些 自动化测试系统，建立Litron实验室专家 能够为行业和政府提供 高度可靠的基于FCM的毒性测试。存在着一个重要的市场 一种能够提供这种自动化和改进的分析的设施。 拟议的商业应用：...需要新的方法来推进 毒理学检测，可以减少动物的使用，适度检测 成本。流式细胞术提供了通过以下方式加快检测速度的技术. 以高速客观地分析细胞群。.广告 这项技术的应用是为了接触到发展中的行业 需要在广泛使用之前进行测试的化学品和药品 分发。

Chemicals play an important role int he quality of life in the modern world, and industrial laboratories are continuously developing new chemical formulations for a myriad of applications. It is important to characterize the inherent toxicity of new chemicals so that agents harmful to the populace can be identified. This research program is designed to both enhance the predictive power and reliability of chemical toxicity assays, and to reduce the number of animals required for testing. Many years of research strongly suggest that high-speed flow cytometry (FCM) is a technology which can significantly improve toxicity tests. With FCM, cells are moved at high speeds through a focused laser beam. Cell associated signals corresponding to particle size and fluorescent signals are stored to computer file for later analysis. Modern flow cytometers are capable of analyzing cells at extremely high rates (10,000 cells/sec). Once biological, chemical and FCM parameters are optimized, FCM technology is able to provide the following scoring characteristics: objectivity, efficiency, high throughput, and unprecedented accuracy. Advanced technologies such as FCM therefore have a great potential to significantly improve toxicity assays by permitting more expeditious and reliable analyses of biological responses to chemical exposure. The major research objectives of this application specifically relate tot he automation of three important mammalian toxicity endpoints: chromosome damaging effects, tumor promotion, and gene mutation. The experiments proposed for Phase II are intended to further develop and validate these automated test systems, and establish Litron Laboratories as an expert testing facility which is capable of providing industry and government with highly reliable FCM-based toxicity tests. A significant market exists for a facility which can supply such automated and improved assays. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: ...New methods are needed to advance toxicology testing which can reduce the use of animals and moderate testing costs. ...Flow cytometry provides technology that expedites testing by objectively analyzing cell populations at high speeds. ...The commercial application of the technology is for reaching to industries that develop chemicals and pharmaceuticals where testing is required prior to broad distribution.