NEURAL CONTROL OF THE PUPIL

描述（研究者摘要）：长期目的 研究是为了更好地了解瞳孔的神经控制。 当 光照射在一只眼睛，瞳孔收缩发生在两只眼睛， 称为瞳孔对光反射（PLR）。 通过近距离观察、会聚和 调节伴随着瞳孔收缩，称为 瞳孔近反应。 这些瞳孔反应对于 临床医生诊断脑损伤的性质、严重程度和范围。 此外，详细的解剖学和生理学的知识， 参与这些瞳孔反应的皮质下和皮质通路是 如果使用客观视野测试的新兴领域 瞳孔测量（瞳孔视野测量）将显著进步。 不幸的是， 最近很少有关于这些瞳孔的神经控制的研究， 应答 事实上，据我所知，我们的实验室目前只有一个 世界上有两个国家进行了这种最新的研究， 灵长类动物 因此，尽管这些瞳孔的临床重要性 回应，文献被迫依赖于实验的结果， 在现代技术出现之前进行的工作。 因此，尽管我们最近对皮质下瞳孔的广泛研究， 在灵长类动物中，仍然很少或没有关于这些特征的数据。 的视网膜神经节细胞介导的PLR，对影响的 脑干对PLR的作用，或对大脑皮层在PLR中的作用。 到 为了解决这些问题，我们将使用电生理学，解剖学， 药理学技术在警觉，行为恒河猴。 我们建议 确定生理学、形态学和免疫组织化学 投射到顶盖前的视网膜神经节细胞的特征 橄榄核是介导PLR的顶盖前核。 我们将 表征脑干传入这个核团和 我们将研究大脑的作用， 皮质在影响PLR，我们将研究可逆的， 纹状皮质的永久性损伤。 此外， 背侧月前回将用于研究其参与PLR。 我们 还将使用解剖学和电生理学技术来研究 月前回和其他纹外视区的投射， 顶盖前橄榄核。

DESCRIPTION (Investigator's abstract): The long-term objective of these studies are to better understand the neural control of the pupil. When light is shone in one eye, pupilloconstriction occurs in both eyes and is termed the pupillary light reflex (PLR). With near viewing, convergence and accommodation are accompanied by a pupilloconstriction that is termed the pupillary near response. These pupillary responses are extremely useful to clinicians diagnosing the nature, severity, and extent of brain damage. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the subcortical and cortical pathways involved in these pupillary responses is essential if the fledgling field of objective visual field testing using pupillometry (pupil perimetry) is to advance significantly. Unfortunately, there have been few recent studies of the neural control of these pupillary responses. Indeed, to my knowledge, our laboratory is currently only one of two in the world carrying out such up-to-date studies in alert, behaving primates. Therefore, despite the clinical importance of these pupillary responses, the literature is forced to rely on the results of experimental work that was mostly carried out before the advent of modern techniques. Hence, despite our recent extensive studies of the subcortical pupillary pathway in primates, there is still little or no data on the characteristics of the retinal ganglion cells that mediate the PLR, on the influences of the brainstem on the PLR, or on the role of the cerebral cortex in the PLR. To address these issues, we will use electrophysiological, anatomical, and pharmacological techniques in alert, behaving rhesus monkeys. We propose to determine the physiology, morphology, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the retinal ganglion cells that project to the pretectal olivary nucleus, the pretectal nucleus that mediates the PLR. We will characterize the brainstem afferents to this nucleus and the neurotransmitters within it. We will investigate the role of the cerebral cortex in influencing the PLR, we will study the effects of reversible and permanent lesions of striate cortex. In addition, permanent lesions of the dorsal prelunate gyrus will be used to study its involvement in the PLR. We will also use anatomical and electrophysiological techniques to investigate projections from the prelunate gyrus and other extrastriate visual areas to the pretectal olivary nucleus.