PEPTIDERGIC NEURONS OF THE PRIMATE RETINA

这些实验的长期目标仍然是理解如何 肽能神经元参与灵长类的信息处理 视网膜，但为这一资助期提出的实验将集中在 一种单肽，即缩胆囊素。这种多肽具有快速、 神经递质样蛋白对大鼠脑内神经节细胞活动的影响 猫视网膜，这些实验的目标是预测 缩胆囊素及其拮抗剂将作用于灵长类动物的视网膜。 由于多肽也是一种有效的近视，可能会使用拮抗剂。 临床上用于预防术后散瞳。如果是这样的话，这将是重要的 以了解这些药物可能如何影响视网膜。期间-上一次 在GRANT期，CCK定位于两种神经元， 双极细胞和无长突细胞。两极细胞被证明是一种 单一形态类型，只接受来自蓝色锥体的输入。 无长突细胞似乎参与了 基于它们的形态和特征来检测快速变化的刺激 突触连接。 第一个特别的目标是识别三阶神经元， 使用光和电子接收来自蓝色锥体双极电池的输入 显微标记技术。有色对手神经节细胞会 通过细胞内注射进行标记，以及阿玛克林的一个亚群 与神经节细胞共分层的细胞将被标记为 免疫细胞化学技术。工作假说是蓝色的 锥体双极细胞为肽能无长突细胞提供输入，并 双层神经节细胞。目标是描述神经回路 为蓝色开-黄色关，颜色对手视网膜神经节提供输入 细胞。猕猴的视网膜与人类的视网膜相似，而且 这一结果可能也解释了为什么对短波长的敏感度 在许多眼科疾病中消失了。 第二个特定的目标是识别接触到 使用类似技术的含CCK的无长突细胞。这个 工作假说是含有胆囊收缩素的无长突细胞 与胆碱能无长突细胞、弥漫性双极细胞和 阳伞神经节细胞。这些实验的目的是为了了解 缩胆囊素在大鼠脑内感受野特性形成中的作用 阳伞神经节细胞，也被称为M细胞，因为它们投射到 外侧膝状核的巨细胞层。他们是一名少校 灵长类动物神经节细胞的类型，因为它们可能是选择性的 在青光眼中迷失，这些实验的结果可能会有临床意义 意义。

The long-term goal of these experiments remains to understand how peptidergic neurons contribute to information processing in the primate retina, but the experiments proposed for this grant period will focus on a single peptide, cholecystokinin. This peptide has rapid, neurotransmitter-like effects on the activity of ganglion cells in the cat retina, and the goal of these experiments is to predict how cholecystokinin and its antagonists would act in the primate retina. Since the peptide is also a potent miotic, antagonists might be used clinically to prevent post-surgical miosis. If so, it will be important to know how these drugs might affect the retina. During-the previous grant period, cholecystokinin was localized to two kinds of neurons, bipolar cells and amacrine cells. The bipolar cells were shown to be a single morphological type receiving inputs exclusively from blue cones. The amacrine cells appeared to be involved in neural circuits for detecting rapidly-changing stimuli on the basis of their morphology and synaptic connections. The first specific aim is to identify the third-order neurons that receive inputs from the blue cone bipolar cells using light and electron microscopic labeling techniques. The color opponent ganglion cells will be labeled by intracellular injection, and a sub-population of amacrine cells that co-stratify with the ganglion cells will be labeled with immunocytochemical techniques. The working hypothesis is that the blue cone bipolar cells provide input to peptidergic amacrine cells and bistratified ganglion cells. The goal is to describe the neural circuit providing input to blue ON-yellow OFF, color-opponent retinal ganglion cells. The retinas of macaques are vet similar to those of humans, and the results might also suggest why the sensitivity to short wavelengths is lost in many eye diseases. The second specific aim is to identify neurons contacting the cholecystokinin-containing amacrine cells using similar techniques. The working hypothesis is that the cholecystokinin-containing amacrine cells interact with cholinergic amacrine cells, diffuse bipolar cells and parasol ganglion cells. The goal of these experiments is to understand the role of cholecystokinin in shaping the receptive field properties of parasol ganglion cells, also named M cells for their projections to the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. They are a major type of ganglion cell in primates, and because they may be selectively lost in glaucoma, the results of these experiments may have clinical significance.