NEURONAL CORRELATES OF MEMORY IN THE HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBE

描述（申请人的摘要）：这是一项对人类记忆的研究， 清醒状态下海马及其邻近区域神经元水平的变化 人类实验对象 这项提议的核心是医疗保健的独特作用， 大脑颞叶结构在意识提取中的作用 的神经基础 这种作用是未知的，实际上不可能在动物中进行研究，因为 人类是唯一可以“宣布”记忆的物种。 该研究基于记录单个单元活动的独特机会 在手术室外， 他们被植入了深度电极， 致痫灶 利用最新的立体定向技术， 磁共振成像，携带微电极束的电极 被植入五个内侧颞叶部位包括杏仁核， 前海马、中海马、内嗅皮层和后海马 海马旁回 因此，可以记录单个单元活动 同时在记忆呈现期间精确定义的位点 任务 这项研究的中心假设是海马体在 信息的编码和检索。 它指出：（1） 海马结构，连同内嗅和海马旁 皮质，构成神经元基质，在上下文中， 依赖于时间的方式，将刺激的复杂属性绑定到记忆中 跟踪。 2)这种记忆痕迹然后影响海马神经元的活动， 刺激在以后被显式地而非隐式地检索。 第三章 外显提取过程中的神经元活动依赖于 提取线索的原始刺激。 实验设计的重点是直接比较神经元的 海马和相关结构的活动， 语言和非语言信息的外显提取。 这是 通过两种范式完成，一种使用词干治疗，另一种使用 使用结构上可能和不可能的图形。 另外两个任务也将被使用：一个是延迟的不匹配， 样本任务使用面孔，物体和工作刺激;另一个是情节 识别任务，旨在检查长期的痕迹， 海马体及其邻近区域。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): This is a study of human memory at the neuronal level in the hippocampus and neighboring regions in conscious awake human subjects. At the center of this proposal is the unique role of medial temporal lobe structures in conscious retrieval. The neuronal basis for this role is unknown and is virtually impossible to study in animals, since humans are the only species that can "declare" their memory. The study is based on unique opportunity to record single unit activity outside the operating theater in awake patients with intractable seizures who are implanted with depth electrodes for more precise localization of the epileptogenic focus. Using recent advances in stereotaxis guided by magnetic resonance imaging, electrodes carrying bundles of microelectrodes are implanted in five medial temporal lobe sites including amygdala, anterior hippocampus, middle hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and posterior parahippocampal gyrus. thus, single unit activity can be recorded simultaneously at precisely defined sites during presentation of memory tasks. The central hypothesis of the study pertains to the role of hippocampus in both encoding and retrieval of information. It states that: 1) The hippocampal formation, together with entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, constitutes a neuronal matrix that, in a context- and time-dependent fashion, binds complex attributes of stimuli into a memory trace. 2) This memory trace then affects hippocampal neuronal activity when the stimulus is explicitly, but not implicitly, retrieved later. 3) Neuronal activity during explicit retrieval depends on the similarity of the original stimulus to the retrieval cue. The focus of the experimental design is upon direct comparison of neuronal activity in the hippocampus and associated structures during implicit and explicit retrieval of verbal and nonverbal information. This is accomplished through two paradigms, one using word-stem cures and the other using structurally possible and impossible figures. Two other tasks will be used as well: one is the delayed non-match to sample task using face, object and work stimuli; the other is an episodic recognition task designed to examine the persistence of long-term traces in the hippocampus and its neighboring regions.