PILOT AGING AND AVIATION SAFETY

描述：本申请的广泛、长期目标是 更好地了解老化对飞行员性能的影响， 航空安全。 具体的目的是：（1）考察 老龄化与飞行员参与航空事故的风险之间的关系;（2） 研究老龄化和飞行员参与风险之间的关系， 航空违规行为;（3）检查心理社会之间的关系 工作内容工具衡量的量表，以及健康状况， 安全性能，包括参与航空事故， （4）检查医疗条件在航空中的作用 老化过程中的碰撞和违规行为，并评估其有效性 现时一级机师在检验身体及 影响飞行员工作绩效的心理生理因素;（5） 在科学界和公众中传播成果， 相关政策建议。 使用队列设计，该项目将 随访12年，随机抽样的美国通勤航空公司和航空公司 45-49岁持有一级体检合格证的出租汽车驾驶员 （n= 1，500）或50-54岁（n= 1，500）。 纵向数据 人口统计学，医疗条件，飞行经验，飞行暴露， 安全实践、心理社会和行为因素与航空事故 并通过反复访谈调查收集违规记录， 医疗证明记录，飞行员和坠机监视系统 联邦航空局和国家运输安全委员会 主要假设是飞行员年龄和职业 应变与显著增加风险独立相关， 参与空难和违规行为以及 取消资格的医疗条件，以及飞行员之间的关系 年龄、工作压力和安全性能可以通过飞行经验进行调整。

DESCRIPTION: The broad, long-term objectives of this application are to better understand the effects of aging on pilot performance and to improve aviation safety. The specific aims are (1) to examine the relationship between aging and the risk of pilot involvement in aviation crashes; (2) to examine the relationship between aging and the risk of pilot involvement in aviation violations; (3) to examine the relationships between psychosocial scales as measured by the Job Content Instrument, and health status and safety performance, including involvement in aviation crashes and violations; (4) to examine the role of medical conditions in aviation crashes and violations in the process of aging and assess the effectiveness of the current medical standards for Class I pilots in detecting medical and psychophysiological factors influencing pilot performance; and (5) to disseminate the results in scientific and public communities and make relevant policy recommendations. Using a cohort design, this project will follow up for 12 years a random sample of U.S. commuter air carrier and air taxi pilots with Class I medical certificates whose ages were 45-49 years (n=1,500) or 50-54 years (n=1,500) in 1987. Longitudinal data on demographics, medical conditions, flight experience, exposure to flight, safety practices, psychosocial and behavioral factors, and aviation crash and violation records will be collected through repeated interview surveys, medical certificate records, and the airman and crash surveillance systems of the FAA and NTSB. The primary hypotheses are that pilot age and job strain are independently associated with significantly increased risks of involvement in aviation crashes and violations and development of disqualifying medical conditions, and that the relationships between pilot age, job strain and safety performance can be modified by flight experience.