AGING AND PERFORMANCE OF COGNITIVE AND PERCEPTUAL TASKS

描述(改编自《调查者摘要》)：相当多的 研究检查了认知和知觉处理的变化。 与年龄的增长有关。尽管之前的研究已经检查了 一系列问题(如技能)与年龄相关的绩效变化 习得，记忆，注意力)，这是一个研究领域，已经收到 很少有人关注与年龄相关的表现变化 与运动知觉相关的认知和知觉任务。 与运动相关的认知和知觉加工的减退 感知将对执行广泛的 任务，包括开车。拟议的研究将通过以下方式研究这一问题 评估认知和知觉任务的绩效变化 与三种类型的运动知觉相关：物体运动、观察者 运动，以及对象和观察者的组合运动。建议的任务包括 一系列对驾驶性能至关重要的技能，包括 碰撞事件的识别、方向的感知 观察者运动，识别场景中的表面，以及 感知到的场景布局。这些任务的执行很可能是 取决于两个因素：注意视觉信息的局限性 以及运动知觉的局限性。拟议的研究将 评估注意和知觉加工的变化以确定 这些因素对物体运动、自运动 并将目标任务和自动任务相结合。这项研究的结果 可能对理解中的许多问题具有重要影响 老化和性能，包括与多个 日常生活活动。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Investigator's Abstract): A considerable body of research has examined the changes in cognitive and perceptual processing associated with advancing age. Although previous research has examined age-related performance changes for a wide range of issues (e.g., skill acquisition, memory, attention), one area of research that has received little attention concerns age-related changes in the performance of cognitive and perceptual tasks associated with motion perception. Decrements in cognitive and perceptual processing associated with motion perception would have serious implications in performing a wide range of tasks, including driving. The proposed research will examine this issue by assessing changes in performance of cognitive and perceptual tasks associated with three types of motion perception: object motion, observer motion, and combined object and observer motion. The proposed tasks include a range of skills critical to driving performance, including the identification of collision events, the perception of the direction of observer motion, the identification of surfaces in a scene, and the perceived layout of a scene. Performance of these tasks is likely to be dependent on two factors: limitations in attending to visual information and limitations in the perception of motion. The proposed research will assess changes in attentional and perceptual processing to determine the importance of these factors on performance of object motion, self-motion, and combined object and self-motion tasks. The results of this research could have important implications for understanding a number of issues in aging and performance, including performance issues associated with numerous activities of daily living.