CARDIORESPIRATORY PATTERNS DURING SLEEP AND SIDS RISK

其目的是为了验证这一假设，即失败的突然婴儿 死亡综合征（SIDS）是由睡眠期间的功能障碍引起的， 腹侧髓面（VMS），或在髓上投射到 VMS的心脏和呼吸区域，从而改变了 调节血压的变化，从而影响觉醒， 呼吸模式SIDS受害者显示出暗示“失败”的迹象 唤醒，”减少心脏和呼吸间隔的变化 表明心血管-心血管相互作用受损，和 表明VMS上的毒蕈碱结合减少的证据。 VMS内的功能障碍区域，或该表面的投影 地区，将使婴儿在呼吸和心血管疾病的风险 睡眠中的挑战区域渔船监测系统地区在调解 将在睡眠-觉醒期间检查舒张和升压激发 通过l）评估“自发”活动， 在VMS区域中的睡眠-觉醒状态期间，使用单个单元放电， 诱发电位和光学成像技术; 2）评估区域 VMS对分级低氧、高碳酸血症、负荷呼吸和 氰化物挑战，以及升压和降压操作; 3）有关 刺激上气道模式诱发的VMS活动， 运动活动，血压; 4）刺激 髓上区，并检查对VMS的影响 部位和心肺活动。一种相干成像光纤， 探头和摄像机将放置在VMS上， 无菌手术下的微电极束。刺激电极 将被放置在已经证明 投射到VMS，或显示明显的呼吸激活 挑战膈肌和喉外展肌的肌电图模式， 扩张器（分别为环甲肌和环杓后肌）将 用于呼吸测量。反射光的图像变化 与神经活动有关，包括血管和细胞肿胀 变化，将被数字化，连同单电池放电和宽- 在未受干扰的睡眠期间，来自所附微电极的带状活动 国家，以及在国家内的心肺挑战期间。时间 序列分析，使用谱、相干和滞后相关 技术，将用于将总体和区域VMS活动 呼吸和心动周期以及 血压变化

The objective is to test the hypothesis that failure in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) results from a dysfunction during sleep of the ventral medullary surface (VMS), or in supramedullary projections to cardiac and respiratory areas of the VMS, thus altering the capability of this area to mediate blood pressure changes which affect arousal and respiratory patterning. SIDS victims show signs suggestive of a "failure to arouse," diminished variation in cardiac and respiratory intervals indicative of impaired respiratory-cardiovascular interactions, and evidence indicating diminished muscarinic binding on the VMS. Dysfunctional areas within the VMS, or in projections to this surface area, would place infants at risk during respiratory and cardiovascular challenges in sleep. The role of regional VMS areas in mediating ventilatory and pressor challenges will be examined during sleep-waking states at four ages in kittens by l) assessing "spontaneous" activity during sleep-waking states in VMS regions, using single cell discharge, evoked potential, and optical imaging techniques; 2) evaluating regional VMS responses to graded hypoxic, hypercapnic, loaded breathing and cyanide challenges, and pressor and depressor manipulations; 3) relating VMS activity evoked by challenges to patterns of upper airway and diaphragmatic activity, and to blood pressure; 4) stimulating supramedullary regions, and examining the resultant influence on VMS sites and on cardiorespiratory activity. A coherent image fiber optic probe and camera will be placed on the VMS, together with a moveable bundle of microelectrodes under sterile surgery. Stimulation electrodes will be placed in supramedullary regions that have demonstrated projections to the VMS, or show pronounced activation to respiratory challenges. EMG patterning of the diaphragm and a laryngeal abductor and dilator (cricothyroid and posterior cricoarytenoid, respectively), will be used for respiratory measures. Images of reflected light changes associated with neural activity, including vascular and cell swelling changes, will be digitized, together with single cell discharge and wide- band activity from attached microelectrodes during undisturbed sleep states, and during cardiorespiratory challenges within states. Time series analysis, using spectral, coherence and lagged correlation techniques, will be used to relate overall and regional VMS activity changes across conditions to the respiratory and cardiac cycle and to blood pressure variation.