EVOLUTION OF ESSENTIAL TRANSLATIONAL PATHWAYS IN ARCHAEA

（改编自研究者摘要）：本提案将调查 Archael平移装置的多个独特部件 这是将mRNA忠实解码为蛋白质的关键。正确的氨基- 乙酰化的tRNA是精确的核糖体翻译所必需的。他们是 通常认为是由氨酰-tRNA单独提供的 合成酶，一个普遍存在的和高度保守的酶家族， 整个生命王国。然而，许多生物体和一些细胞器 缺乏至少一种氨酰-tRNA合成酶，氨酰-tRNA合成酶。 在这些生物体和细胞器中，Gln-tRNA是由以下物质的酰胺化形成的： 谷氨酸被酰化为t-RNA Gln。私家侦探最近表明， 类似的途径也存在于Asn-tRNA的合成中。 因此，氨基酸转化，以前只与 中间代谢是翻译保真度关键要求 尤其是在巴西。古细菌氨酰-tRNA的第二个独特特征 形成是使用酶不同于任何尚未发现的， 真细菌或真核生物产生赖氨酰-tRNA和半胱氨酰-tRNA。

(adapted from investigator's abstract): This proposal will investigate a number of unique components of the archael translation apparatus which are essential for the faithful decoding of mRNA into protein. Correctly amino- aceylated tRNAs are required for accurate ribosomal translation. They are generally believed to be provided solely by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, a ubiquitous and highly conserved family of enzymes found throughout the living kingdom. However, many organisms and some organelles lack at least one aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In these organisms and organelles Gln-tRNA is formed by the amidation of glutamate mis acylated to t-RNA Gln. The P.I. has recently shown that a comparable pathway also exists for the synthesis of Asn-tRNA in Archaea. Thus amino acid transformations, previously only associated with intermediary metabolism, are a key requirement for translational fidelity particularly in Archaea. A second unique feature of archael aminoacyl-tRNA formation is the use of enzymes distinct from any yet found in either eubacteria or eukaryotes to generate lysyl-tRNA and cysteinyl-tRNA.