Development of a low carbon heating and cooling system with storage and gender based temperature regulation for public and commercial buildings

** 挑战与机遇：* 新冠肺炎全球大流行增加了重症医院病房的降温需求，因为在疫情爆发的早期阶段，入院人数增加。它还将增加未来冬季的供暖需求。根据BEIS（2019），** 供热是英国最大的能源消耗部门 **，占44%，也是英国排放量的最大贡献者。在制冷方面，英国的需求主要来自办公室（65%）和零售商（30%）。由于预期的气温上升，空调预计将在未来普及。医院和零售空间的制冷和供暖需求必须通过与储能相结合的可再生低碳解决方案来满足，以便到2050年实现净零排放。这导致了英国 ** 热能存储（TES）市场每年约20 GWh，直到2050年（BEIS，2019），每年价值8亿英镑 **。这就需要一个可持续、可再生和高效的加热和冷却储能系统，并对公共卫生建筑和零售空间进行优化控制。解决方案：** 提出的解决方案是 ** 低碳可再生加热和冷却系统 **，利用 ** 太阳能技术 **，结合 ** 可持续的高度紧凑的存储模块 **。该解决方案将 ** 提供热能储存，用于夏季建筑物的冷却和冬季供暖 **。该系统的关键部件由太阳能技术供电。电力是可再生的，存储模块由可持续材料制成。该系统还包括一个利用人工智能（AI）技术 ** 的 ** 控制系统，该系统可以根据男性和女性的占用情况 ** 有效地调节环境温度 **。它使用机器学习（ML）来预测和预测能源需求。该系统的关键方面是：* 可再生太阳能技术，为基于被动和主动设置的加热和冷却建筑物的组件提供电力;* 存储介质存储夏季冷却和冬季加热的热能;* 控制系统，将优化输出，以确保基于性别占用的温度平衡;* 控制系统确保需求是实时驱动的，具有预测和预测未来需求的能力。**该系统提供的好处是：* 由于能源来自太阳，二氧化碳排放量大幅减少;* 与公共卫生建筑，零售店的加热和冷却相关的燃料费用大幅减少，可扩展到其他市场;* 这种低碳加热和冷却解决方案将减少污染源的电力需求百分比，这将对英国的净零目标产生积极影响。* 控制系统在社会上考虑性别;* 控制系统还能够根据准入学习和预测需求。这可以最大限度地减少温度对Covid-19病房和公共场所病毒的影响，同时考虑温度对关键工作人员认知表现的影响。

**The Challenge and Opportunity:**The **Covid-19** global pandemic increased demand for cooling in patient critical hospital wards, as admissions increased during the early stages of the outbreak. It is also set to increase the heating demand in the winter months to come. According to the BEIS (2019), **heat is the largest energy-consuming sector** in the UK at 44% and the single largest contributor to UK emissions. With regard to cooling, UK demand is dominated by offices (65%) and retailers (30%). Air conditioners are expected to become widespread in the future due to expected rising temperatures. The cooling and heating demand of hospitals and retail spaces must be met by a renewable low-carbon solution integrated with energy storage in order to reach net zero by 2050\. This has given rise to a UK **Thermal Energy Storage (TES) market of approximately 20GWh per year until 2050 (BEIS, 2019), which has a value of £800 million per year**. This creates the need for a sustainable, renewable and efficient heating and cooling energy storage system, with optimised controls for public health buildings and retail spaces.**The Solution:**The solution proposed is **a low-carbon renewable heating and cooling system** that utilises **solar technology**, combined with **a sustainably highly compact storage module**. The solution will **provide thermal energy storage for cooling of buildings in the summer, and heating in the winter**. The critical components of the system are powered by solar technology. The power is renewable and the storage module is made from sustainable materials. The system also includes a **control system utilising Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology**, which efficiently regulates the ambient temperature **based on the occupancy of men and women**. It uses Machine-Learning (ML) for forecasting and predicting energy demands.**The key aspects of the system are:*** Renewable solar technology that provides power for the components that heat and cool the buildings, based on passive and active setups;* Storage medium stores thermal energy for cooling in the summer and heating for the winter;* Control system that will optimise the output to ensure temperature balance based on the gender occupancy;* The control system ensures that demand is real-time driven, with the ability to forecast and predict future demands.**The benefits offered by the system are:*** Significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions because the energy source is from the sun;* Significant reduction in the cost of fuel bills related to heating and cooling of public health buildings, retail outlets with scalability to other markets;* This low-carbon heating and cooling solution will reduce the percentage of power demanded from polluting sources, which will have a positive impact on the UK's net zero targets;* The control system that socially considers gender;* The control system is also able to learn and forecast demand based on admittance. This minimises the temperature effects on the virus in Covid-19 wards and public spaces, whilst considering the effect of temperature on the cognitive performance of key workers.