STEREOTYPIES IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

这个项目将描述早期的节奏行为从家里 后来被诊断为自闭症或精神分裂症的儿童的录像带 迟钝 据推测，有节奏的行为， 在婴儿期发生的频率高，与后来的异常有关 刻板和自我导向的行为。刻板印象评分来源于 将1岁和2岁时的直接观察结果与类似的 使用直接观察措施和全球评估方法， 在3-4岁时获得的当代测量（例如汽车）。 在第一年和第二年的刻板印象得分也将 与一般认知功能和表现的测量相比， 在3-4岁时进行特定的神经认知测试。本研究将 具体而言：（1）表征不同定型的稳定性 （有节奏的）行为，在一岁和一岁之间， 四年;（2）识别早期时间和地形特征 这些刻板行为可以预测 （3）确定早期行为的特征; 刻板印象（强度，频率，地形）预测较低的认知 功能 刻板和自我导向的行为，在许多 患有精神发育迟滞或精神疾病的人， 个人安全问题，生活质量和财务成本 在乎 尽管大量的研究旨在消除这些 行为，问题仍然是最严重的问题之一， 长期机构化、发病率和早产儿 发育障碍患者的死亡率。 既没有一个 了解刻板印象的发展和自我指导 也没有能力预测这些人中的哪些人 种群会发展出这些使人衰弱的行为。 这些研究 最终目的是确定自我导向的特定早期预测因素， 行为，从而允许早期和知情的干预，在高， 有严重发育障碍的高危儿童群体。

This project will characterize early rhythmic behaviors from home videotapes of children later diagnosed with autism or mental retardation. It is hypothesized that rhythmic behaviors, which normally occur with high frequency during infancy, are related to later abnormal stereotyped and self-directed behaviors. Stereotypy scores derived from direct observations at 1 and 2 years of age will be compared to similar direct observational measures and global assessments of stereotypy using contemporary measures (e.g. the CARS) obtained at 3-4 years of age. Stereotypy scores in the first and second year of life will also be compared to measures of general cognitive function and performance on specific neurocognitive tests at 3-4 years of age. This study will specifically: (1) characterize the stability of different stereotypic (rhythmic) behaviors at one-year intervals between the ages of one and four years; (2) identify early temporal and topographic characteristics of stereotypic behaviors that are expected to predict the development of later abnormal behaviors; and, (3) determine which features of early stereotypies (intensity, frequency, topography) predict lower cognitive functioning. Stereotyped and self-directed behaviors, seen in many individuals with mental retardation or mental illness, pose serious problems for individual safely, quality of life, and financial costs for care. Despite considerable research aimed toward elimination of these behaviors, the problem continues to be one of the most serious predictors of chronic institutionalization, morbidity and premature death in individuals with developmental disorders. There is neither an understanding of the development of stereotypies and self-directed behaviors nor an ability to predict which individuals within these populations will develop these debilitating behaviors. These studies ultimately aim to identify specific early predictors of self-directed behaviors, thus permitting earlier and informed intervention in high- risk child populations with severe developmental disorders.