BVLOS Drone operations in non-segregated airspace

CAP722、CAP1861和CAP1915表明，在英国，超视距(BVLOS)操作可以在非隔离空域进行，条件是无人机系统(UAS)的“探测和避免”能力与传统飞机在视觉飞行规则(VFR)下的“看见和避免”能力一样好。如果没有这种技术可用，则应建立隔离空域(临时危险区域)。TDA是必要的，因为它们将远程驾驶飞机系统(RPA)对传统交通造成的风险降低到实际可能的最低水平。根据TDA的性质，它们将空域分隔开来，并禁止其他空域用户进入该空域，除非获得特别许可。目前，英国航空信息出版物(AIP)颁布了多个TDA。它们的使用原因各不相同，但使用的例子是为了便利皇家航空局在英吉利海峡地区进行海上监视的业务飞行。另一个是促进RPA执行向偏远地区交付航班的目的，目的是政府主导的协助国家医疗服务体系的新冠肺炎应对计划。之所以需要TDA，是因为飞机将运行BVLOS，目前无法证明有足够的探测和规避能力。不过，技术发展区并非长远的解决方法，据了解，民航局目前已有多项现成的申请，以设立临时发展区，以配合机场管理局的运作。接受这些请求有可能造成临时空域隔离的拼凑，由于对安全和效率的影响，这种临时空域将很快变得不可持续：\*安全--更多的临时隔离空域增加了其他飞机侵入保护区的风险，这可能导致空中相撞。\*效率--更多的临时隔离空域限制飞机进入保护区，限制其他航空活动的操作。该项目旨在为**非隔离**空域中的BVLOS UAS操作开发和部署一种解决方案。该解决方案将为RPAS操作员(和其他配备的飞机)提供实时、共享空域态势感知，使RPAS操作员能够在BVLOS行动期间从战略和/或战术上探测和避开其他飞机。该一揽子工作将证明，在非隔离空域的BVLOS行动是安全的，可以得到监管部门的批准，并与载人航空无缝结合，同时仍为所有空域用户提供安全和有效的进入空域的机会。

CAP722, CAP1861 and CAP1915 indicate, that Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLoS) operations in UK are possible in unsegregated airspace subject to the 'Detect and Avoid' capability of the Unmanned Air System (UAS) being as good as the 'See and Avoid' capability of conventional aircraft under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). If no such technology is available, then segregated airspace (a Temporary Danger Area (TDA)) should be established. TDAs are required, because they reduce risks to conventional traffic imposed by Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) to as low as practically possible. TDAs by their nature, segregate the airspace and prohibit other airspace users from accessing the airspace unless specific permission is granted.Currently there are multiple TDAs promulgated in the UK Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). The reasons for them vary but examples of use are to facilitate RPAS to carry out operational flights for the purposes of Maritime Surveillance in the area of the English Channel. An other is to facilitate RPAS to carry out delivery flights to remote areas for the purposes of a government led COVID-19 response plan to assist the National Health Service. The TDAs are required because the aircraft will be operating BVLoS and are currently unable to demonstrate adequate Detect and Avoid capability. However, TDAs are not a long-term solution.It is understood that there are currently multiple live applications with the CAA for the establishment of TDAs to enable BVLoS RPAS operations. There is a risk that accepting these requests will create a patchwork of temporary airspace segregations that will quickly become unsustainable because of the impact on safety and efficiency, specifically:\* SAFETY -- more temporary segregated airspace increases the risk of infringements by other aircraft into the protected zone, which may result in mid-air collisions.\* EFFICIENCY -- more temporary segregated airspace limits access to aircraft into the protected zone, constraining the operations of other aviation activities.This project aims to develop and deploy a solution for BVLoS UAS operations in **non-segregated** airspace.The solution will provide RPAS operators (and other equipped aircraft) with real-time, shared situational awareness of the airspace, enabling the RPAS operator to strategically and/or tactically detect and avoid other aircraft during BVLoS operations.The work package will demonstrate that BVLoS operations in non-segregated airspace are safe, can meet with regulatory approval and integrate seamlessly with manned aviation whilst still providing safe and efficient access to the airspace by all airspace users.