EXPLORATORY METHODS FOR SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DATA

我们的研究目标是开发一个S- plus模块S+时空，作为对时空数据进行探索性数据分析的环境。具有空间和时间属性的数据在流行病学和生物计量学中非常常见。需要特殊的探索性方法来研究这类数据，以便同时评估长期观察到的环境暴露和健康结果。地理信息系统（GIS）在空间数据可视化方面非常有用。利用地理信息系统同时评估健康结果需要进一步研究界面、图形方法和时空建模。动态图形是可视化时空数据的最佳方法之一。基于GIS的动态图形是计算密集型的研究领域。S-PLUS是一种面向对象的程序设计语言，能够与Java和ArcView GIS相连接。S+SpaceTime将提供一个可视化和建模环境。在时空建模过程中，用户将能够将统计图形窗口与GIS地图联系起来。将编制一份全面的个案研究指南，以展示环境的优点。由此产生的模块对于纵向数据、空间数据和时空数据的研究非常有用。建议的商业应用：没有商业统计软件可用于在建模过程中同时可视化和探索疾病发病率图和重复测量。S+SpaceTime基于混合效果模型和时空过程模型，提供具有GIS和时空建模的动态图形。有了S+SpatialStat、S+EnvironmentalStat和S- plus for ArcView，拟议中的软件研发是在这些重要领域和市场上努力的延续。

The objective of our research is the development of an S-PLUS module S+SpaceTime as an environment for exploratory data analysis of spatial- temporal data. Data with space and time attributes are very common in epidemiology and biometry. Special exploratory methods are desired in order to study these kinds of data for the simultaneous assessment of environmental exposures and health outcomes observed over time. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are useful in visualizing spatial data. To simultaneously assess health outcomes with GIS requires further research on interface, graphical methods, and spatial-temporal modeling. Dynamic graphics is one of the best approaches to visualize spatial-temporal data. Dynamic graphics with GIS are computing intensive research. S-PLUS is an object-oriented programming language and is capable to link with Java and ArcView GIS. The S+SpaceTime will provide a visualization and modeling environment. User will be able to link statistical graphical windows and a GIS map in the processes of space-time modeling. A comprehensive case study guidebook will be developed to demonstrate the advantages of the environment. The resulting module is useful for studies on longitudinal data, spatial data, and spatial-temporal data. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: No commercial statistical software is available to visualize and explore disease incidence maps and repeated measures simultaneously in the processes of modeling. S+SpaceTime provides dynamic graphics with GIS and space-time modeling based on mixed effects models and models for space-time processes. With S+SpatialStat, S+EnvironmentalStat, and S-PLUS for ArcView, the proposed software R&D is a continuation of efforts on these substantial areas and markets.