SMOKING WITHDRAWL EFFECTS ON ENERGY BALANCE

吸烟者的体重比不吸烟者轻，通常会增加5-10磅， 戒烟，但尼古丁影响身体的机制 体重仍不清楚。 75名吸烟者将被随机分配 分为三组（根据限制饮食分层 评分）：42 mg尼古丁替代品，21 mg尼古丁替代品，或 安慰剂 受试者将接受8周的经皮治疗， 进行了为期16周的密集团体咨询。 静息代谢率 (RMR)，对食物的热反应，戒断评分，三天饮食 记录，尼古丁/可替宁水平和活动将在一个 在吸烟前进行过夜（12小时）热量测定 停止，并在24小时热量测定会议1，4，8， 停药后16周。 如果42 mg尼古丁剂量足够 维持戒烟前的设定点，在戒烟后一周和四周， 退出42 mg组应具有较高的RMR和较低的热量摄入 比其他群体。 21 mg组的体重应高于42 mg组。 16周时，mg组。RMR的下降应与以下因素密切相关： 戒断严重程度增加，那些饮食受限的受试者 风格应该表现出最大的增加热量摄入，重量， RMR下降。 除了提供一个强大的测试两个 理论（监管与效应），这项研究也有很大的 临床意义 它可能有助于识别那些吸烟者， 体重增加的最大风险，并提出最佳策略， 管理与戒烟有关的体重增加。 因为害怕体重 戒烟的好处阻止了许多吸烟者试图戒烟，这一信息可能会 提供显著的健康益处。

Smokers weigh less than nonsmokers, and typically gain 5-10 pounds upon quitting smoking, yet the mechanisms by which nicotine influences body weight remain unclear. Seventy-five smokers will be randomly assigned to one of three groups (stratified on the basis of a restrained eating score): 42 mg nicotine replacement, 21 mg nicotine replacement, or placebo. Subjects will receive transdermal therapy for eight weeks and intensive group counseling for sixteen weeks. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic response to food, withdrawal ratings, three-day dietary records, nicotine/cotinine levels, and activity will be assessed in an overnight (twelve hour) calorimetry session prior to smoking cessation, and in 24-hour calorimetry sessions one, four, eight and sixteen weeks post-cessation. If the 42 mg nicotine dose is sufficient to maintain pre-smoking cessation set-point, at one and four weeks post- quit the 42 mg group should have a higher RMR and lower caloric intake than the other groups. The 21 mg group should weigh more than the 42 mg group by week 16. Decline in RMR should be strongly associated with increased withdrawal severity, and those subjects with restrained eating styles should show the greatest increases in caloric intake, weight, and decline in RMR. In addition to providing a powerful test of two theories (regulatory versus effector), this research also has great clinical significance. It may help to identify those smokers at greatest risk for weight gain, and suggest optimal strategies for managing weight gain related to smoking cessation. As fear of weight gain deters many smokers from attempting to quit, this information could provide significant health benefits.