CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D MALNUTRITION IN ELDERLY WOMEN

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：绝经后 骨质疏松症是一种骨骼过度脆弱的状况， 低冲击力骨折研究得最好的可测量的决定因素， 脆弱性是低骨量。一种很容易纠正的，非遗传的 骨丢失的决定因素是钙营养缺乏，特别是对于 继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进被认为是 普遍的。钙营养缺乏可能是由于低膳食钙， 低25（OH）D，促进钙的吸收。许多报告 证明了骨保留效果，一些报告证明了 维生素D充足妇女增加钙摄入的抗骨折作用 强烈支持的假设，增加钙的摄入量，维生素D 摄入有益于老年妇女的骨骼健康。小规模干预研究 已经表明，老年妇女谁消耗钙摄入量高达2400毫克/天， 逆转继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进，且无不良反应， 到“高”，在美国饮食方面，钙的摄入量。尽管有这些 数据，科学界许多人的行为表明怀疑 钙的治疗价值这项研究旨在测试 无论是单独补钙（1500 mg/d）还是补钙（1500 mg/d）加 维生素D（800 IU/d）降低骨折的发生率，消除继发性 甲状旁腺功能亢进，并停止骨质流失的妇女人口为基础的样本 60+岁。干预试验的致命弱点是 受试者依从性。本研究将使用电子监测系统， 跟踪治疗瓶打开的次数。本合规 将采取措施，不仅要确定服用的药物量，但 作为就方案问题向研究受试者提供咨询的方法。这是 一种有效的方法来确定顺应性，远远优于传统的药丸上级 计数，因此是测量抗骨折功效的实质性帮助， 钙单独或钙加维生素D干预。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a condition of excessive skeletal fragility which results in low impact fractures. The best studied measurable determinant of skeletal fragility is low bone mass. One of the easily correctable, non-genetic determinants of bone loss is calcium nutritional deficiency, particularly for older women for whom secondary hyperparathyroidism is considered to be universal. Calcium nutritional deficiency may be due to low dietary calcium as well as low 25(OH)D which promotes calcium absorption. Numerous reports demonstrating a bone sparing effect, and a few reports demonstrating an anti-fracture effect of increasing calcium intake among vitamin D replete women strongly support the hypotheses that increasing calcium intake among vitamin D intake benefits bone health in older women. Small scale intervention studies have shown that older women who consume calcium intakes up to 2400mg/d have a reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and experience no adverse effects due to the "high", in terms of the American diet, calcium intake. Despite these data, the behavior of many in the scientific community indicates doubt about the therapeutic value of calcium. The proposed study is designed to test whether calcium supplementation alone (1500mg/d) or calcium 1500mg/d) plus vitamin D (800IU/d) reduces the incidence of fractures, eliminates secondary hyperparathyroidism, and halts bone loss in a population-based sample of women 60+ years of age. An Achilles heel for intervention trials is the problem of subject compliance. This study will use an electronic monitoring system to track the number of time the treatment bottle is opened. This compliance measure will be used, not only to determine the amount of medication taken, but as a method to counsel the study subjects regarding protocol problems. This is a valid method to determine compliance, far superior to the traditional pill counts, and thus a substantial aid to measure the anti-fracture efficacy of calcium alone or calcium plus vitamin D interventions.