NEURAL CONTROL OF THE PUPIL

说明(研究人员摘要)：这些项目的长期目标 研究是为了更好地了解瞳孔的神经控制。什么时候 一只眼睛有光，两只眼睛都有瞳孔收缩 称为瞳孔光反射(PLR)。近距离观看、融合和 调节伴有瞳孔收缩，这被称为 瞳孔近反应。这些瞳孔反应对 诊断脑损伤的性质、严重程度和程度的临床医生。 此外，对骨骼的解剖学和生理学的详细了解 参与这些瞳孔反应的皮质下和皮质通路是 如果使用客观视野测试的初级阶段， 瞳孔测量(瞳孔视野)是显著进步的。不幸的是， 最近关于这些瞳孔的神经控制的研究很少。 回应。事实上，据我所知，我们的实验室目前只是 世界上有两个人在警惕的情况下进行这样的最新研究， 灵长类动物。因此，尽管这些瞳孔在临床上很重要 回应，文献被迫依赖于实验的结果 主要是在现代技术出现之前进行的工作。 因此，尽管我们最近对皮质下瞳孔进行了广泛的研究 在灵长类动物中，关于这种特征的数据仍然很少，甚至没有 对调节PLR的视网膜神经节细胞的影响 脑干对PLR的影响，或大脑皮层在PLR中的作用。至 为了解决这些问题，我们将使用电生理、解剖学和 警觉中的药理技术，表现得像恒河猴。我们建议 测定生理、形态和免疫组织化学 投射到顶盖前的视网膜神经节细胞的特征 橄榄核，顶盖前核，调节PLR。我们会 描述这个核团的脑干传入和 它里面的神经递质。我们将研究大脑的作用 在皮质对PLR的影响方面，我们将研究可逆性和 纹状皮质的永久性损害。此外，永久性的皮肤损伤 月前回将被用来研究其在PLR中的作用。我们 还将使用解剖学和电生理技术来研究 月前回和其他纹外视区的投射 顶盖前橄榄核。

DESCRIPTION (Investigator's abstract): The long-term objective of these studies are to better understand the neural control of the pupil. When light is shone in one eye, pupilloconstriction occurs in both eyes and is termed the pupillary light reflex (PLR). With near viewing, convergence and accommodation are accompanied by a pupilloconstriction that is termed the pupillary near response. These pupillary responses are extremely useful to clinicians diagnosing the nature, severity, and extent of brain damage. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the subcortical and cortical pathways involved in these pupillary responses is essential if the fledgling field of objective visual field testing using pupillometry (pupil perimetry) is to advance significantly. Unfortunately, there have been few recent studies of the neural control of these pupillary responses. Indeed, to my knowledge, our laboratory is currently only one of two in the world carrying out such up-to-date studies in alert, behaving primates. Therefore, despite the clinical importance of these pupillary responses, the literature is forced to rely on the results of experimental work that was mostly carried out before the advent of modern techniques. Hence, despite our recent extensive studies of the subcortical pupillary pathway in primates, there is still little or no data on the characteristics of the retinal ganglion cells that mediate the PLR, on the influences of the brainstem on the PLR, or on the role of the cerebral cortex in the PLR. To address these issues, we will use electrophysiological, anatomical, and pharmacological techniques in alert, behaving rhesus monkeys. We propose to determine the physiology, morphology, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the retinal ganglion cells that project to the pretectal olivary nucleus, the pretectal nucleus that mediates the PLR. We will characterize the brainstem afferents to this nucleus and the neurotransmitters within it. We will investigate the role of the cerebral cortex in influencing the PLR, we will study the effects of reversible and permanent lesions of striate cortex. In addition, permanent lesions of the dorsal prelunate gyrus will be used to study its involvement in the PLR. We will also use anatomical and electrophysiological techniques to investigate projections from the prelunate gyrus and other extrastriate visual areas to the pretectal olivary nucleus.