MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SPATIAL RELATIONS

描述（申请人摘要）：本提案中描述的研究 研究人类的空间记忆 该项目的目标是确定 环境中对象之间的空间关系如何在 并从记忆中提取。 这项研究的具体目的是分离出 空间记忆的表现形式是 方向相关的方式，这样熟悉的视图更容易 回忆和认识比不熟悉的意见，和条件下， 该空间存储器以独立于方向的方式表示， 使得熟悉和不熟悉的视图同样可访问。 几 将使用收敛方法。 在一项研究中，观察者将 学习物体在大空间中的位置，然后做出判断。 使用它们对空间的记忆的相对方向（例如，“想象你 都站在灯前面对着鞋子 “指向时钟”。这些 研究将操纵观察者被允许观看的视图数量， 有空间，替代空间参考框架的一致性， 以及观察者如何在空间中移动 了 第二个系列的实验使用场景识别来检查 空间记忆 人类观察者将看到一个或多个视图，不同之处在于 在三维空间中旋转，显示在 图形监视器，或者将从一个或多个角度提交到内存， 放置在一个表面上的几个物体的位置。 观察员将 接受新旧识别测试，在测试中，他们必须区分熟悉的 和新的观点，最近经历的空间布局， 其他空间布局。 熟悉的和新颖的观点将在不同的 导向 这项研究的一个主要目标是确定当场景 识别性能依赖于方向，当它是方向时， 独立的 新视图与存储视图相匹配的机制 还将检查内存中的视图。 场景计算模型 将实施和测试认可。 这一基础科学提供了一个 理解空间能力的个体差异的基础。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The research described in this proposal investigates human spatial memory. The goal of the project is to determine how spatial relations among objects in the environment are represented in and retrieved from memory. The specific aim of the research is to isolate the conditions under which spatial memories are represented in an orientation dependent manner, such that familiar views are more easily recalled and recognized than are unfamiliar views, and the conditions under which spatial memories are represented in an orientation independent manner, such that familiar and unfamiliar views are equally accessible. Several convergent methods will be used. In one line of research, observers will learn the locations of objects in large spaces and then make judgements of relative direction using their memories of the spaces (e.g., "Imagine you are standing at the lamp facing the shoe. Point to the clock".) These studies will manipulate the number of views that observers are allowed to have of the space, the consistency of alternative spatial reference frames, and how the observer is allowed to move in the space when he or she learns it. A second series of experiments uses scene recognition to examine spatial memory. Human observers will see one or more views, differing by rotation in three-dimensional space, of a collection of dots displayed on a graphics monitor, or will commit to memory from one or more perspectives the locations of several objects resting on a surface. The observers will then be given old-new recognition tests in which they must discriminate familiar and novel views of the recently experienced spatial layout from views of other spatial layouts. The familiar and novel views will differ in orientation. A principal goal of this research is to determine when scene recognition performance is orientation dependent and when it is orientation independent. The mechanisms by which novel views are matched to stored views in memory will also be examined. Computation models of scene recognition will be implemented and tested. This basic science provides a foundation for understanding individual differences in spatial ability.