'Veiled with Variety': Hildegard of Bingen's Office for Saint Ursula and the Rhetoric of Twelfth-century Women's Monasticism

研究背景：12世纪是西方修道院改革和复兴的时期，在此期间出现了新的修道院秩序和做法，有能力的意识形态，许多实验，以及妇女机构的繁荣。宾根的希尔德加德(1098-1179)，在回应她的远见卓识的经历，产生了一个名副其实的图书馆几乎所有已知的中世纪流派的作品，以启迪她在莱茵河流域的两个社区。这项研究集中在希尔德加德的礼仪作品(文本和音乐)中的说服性修辞，这些作品代表了她对社区的理想化愿景。它特别关注她献给圣乌苏拉的礼仪办公室(她的77首礼仪歌曲中的13首)，因为圣乌苏拉的传奇为女性领袖提供了一个强大的女性社区领袖的典范。目的和目标：本研究的目的是分析圣乌苏拉礼仪办公室的文本和音乐修辞。这需要以下任务：(1)将歌曲放在希尔德加德广博的远见卓识、医学、科学和说教文学的背景下。这在很大程度上可以通过进行单词搜索和使用版本中的和谐词来实现。(2)提供有关希尔德加德来源的广泛新信息，显示她在释义中使用了内在化的、记忆的材料。这项任务是必不可少的，因为没有一个版本的抒情歌曲有足够的一致性，这个项目的初步研究表明，她在寺庙办公室记忆的经文对她的工作产生了特别强烈的影响。(3)分析希尔德加德文本的说服力结构，包括意象的使用、斯图尔苏拉传奇叙事的隐含论点和重点，包括表演性方面。(4)运用希尔德加德的音乐教育学和音乐理论的方法对音乐背景进行分析。这一分析集中在文本结构和音乐结构显示出不同侧重点的地方。(5)希尔德加德社区修辞与同时期妇女机构选材的比较。测试案例包括Klosterneuberg修道院在同一时间产生了一个与之竞争的Ursula办公室，以及Abelard和Helois在Paraclete设计的更具实验性的礼拜仪式。应用和好处希尔德加德的任何抒情作品很少有研究将其与她的其他作品或明显的记忆来源联系起来。虽然对希尔德加德的个别物品进行了个别研究(包括对乌苏拉办公室的一件物品进行了几次很好的研究)，但还没有对整个办公室材料进行研究。此外，很少有研究对数千个幸存的中世纪办公室中的任何一个进行全面的修辞、文本和音乐分析。因此，从这项研究中产生的单音图将展示在理解中世纪的沟通模式、通过礼拜仪式表达和确认意识形态立场方面所取得的成果，礼拜仪式是中世纪传播最广泛的大众传播形式之一。

Context of the Research:The twelfth century was a time of reform and renewal in western monasticism,during which new monastic orders and practices arose with competingideologies, much experimentation, and a flowering of women's institutions.Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), in response to her visionary experiences,produced a veritable library of works in nearly all known medieval genresfor the edification of her two communities in the Rhine valley. This studyfocuses on the persuasive rhetoric of Hildegard's liturgical works (text andmusic) that represent her idealized vision of her communities. Itfocuses, in particular, on her liturgical office dedicated to St Ursula (13of her 77 liturgical songs), since St Ursula's legend provided women leaderswith a model of a powerful leader of a women's community.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this research is to analyze the rhetoric of both the text and musicof the liturgical office dedicated to St Ursula. The requires the followingtasks: (1) Placing the songs within the context of Hildegard's extensivevisionary, medical, scientific and homiletic literature. Much of this can bedone through conducting word-searches and using concordances in editions. (2)Providing extensive new information about Hildegard's sources that displaysher use of internalized, memorized material in paraphrase. This task isessential, since no edition of the lyric songs has an adequate concordance, andpreliminary research for this project has demonstrated the particularlystrong influence on her work of sources available to her from texts she had memorized in the monastic offices. (3) Analysing the persuasive structure of Hildegard's texts, covering theuse of imagery, the implicit arguments and emphases of the narration of StUrsula's legend, including the performative aspects. (4) Analysing themusical settings using methods derived from musical pedagogy and theory thatwere available to Hildegard. This analysis focuses on the points at which thetextual structure and musical structure suggest divergent emphases. (5)Comparing the rhetoric of Hildegard's community with selected sources fromother women's institutions of the same period. The test cases include thenearby convent of Klosterneuberg which produced a competing Ursula officearound the same time and the more experimental liturgy devised at theParaclete by Abelard and Heloise.Applications and BenefitsThere are very few studies of any lyric works of Hildegard that connect themsubstantively to her other works or to a demonstrable cache of memorizedsources. Although there are isolated studies of individual pieces ofHildegard (including several good studies of one of the items of the Ursulaoffice) there has been no study of the full office materials. Moreover,there are few studies that undertake a complete rhetorical textual andmusical analysis of any of the thousands of surviving medieval offices. Themonograph arising from this research will therefore demonstrate the gains tobe made in understanding medieval modes of communication, representation andconfirmation of ideological positions through liturgical offices, one of themost widely spread forms of mass communication of the middle ages.