ASSEMBLY OF THE SPORE COAT OF B SUBTILIS

没有能力特别地组装成特定的结构 细胞内的位置，蛋白质将不能构建复合体 执行细胞分裂、趋化性、光合作用或 染色体分离。中断或重新编制以下进程的程序 组装和本地化对细胞和 从而影响到生物体的健康。例如，致病性肠出血性大肠杆菌 诱导人体肠道细胞的细胞骨架重排， 其次是呕吐和腹泻。单核细胞增多性李斯特菌也 改变宿主细胞骨架蛋白的组装 感染。这种生物从宿主细胞质中招募肌动蛋白来 形成彗星状的尾巴，用来到达宿主细胞表面，并 然后感染邻近的细胞。 结构复杂的多层涂层的形成 围绕枯草杆菌孢子提供了最强大的系统之一 亚细胞定位和组装的研究，因为B. 枯草杆菌极易受遗传操作和形态的影响 分析。由于这些工具的应用， 孢子形成是通过对孢子组装的概述和研究来理解的 结构已经变得可行。我们的长期目标是阐明 引导孢子被组装在特定位置发生的机制 它控制着孢子表面和控制被衣层的形成。 我们的具体目标是了解孢子中的两个关键角色 涂层组装，Cote和SpoIVA蛋白，控制着 孢子被层并鉴定与孢子有关的其他蛋白质 被毛形态发生。我们将确定SpoIVA和Cote的哪些地区 通过对它们的基因进行突变分析，它们在外套组装中起着重要的作用， 我们将使用遗传和生化方法来识别 附加的形态发生蛋白。最终，我们希望不会理解 不仅了解枯草杆菌孢子壳是如何形成的，而且还能洞察 转化为各种有机体的细胞器生物合成。

Without the capacity to assemble into specific structures at particular sites within a cell, proteins would not be able to build the complex organelles that carry out cell division, chemotaxis, photosynthesis or chromosome segregation. Disruption or reprogramming of processes of assembly and localization have disastrous consequences for the cell and thus the health of the organism. For example, enteropathogenic E. coli induce the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton of cells in the human gut, which is followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Listeria monocytogenes also alters the assembly of host cytoskeletal proteins in the course of infection. This organism recruits actin from the host-cell cytoplasm to form a comet-like tail which it uses to reach the host cell surface and then to infect adjacent cells. The formation of the structurally complex, multilayered coat that surrounds the B. subtilis spore provides one of the most powerful systems for the study of subcellular localization and assembly because B. subtilis is extremely amenable to genetic manipulation and morphological analysis. As a result of the application of these tools, the process of sporulation is understood in outline and studies of the assembly of spore structures have become feasible. Our long term goals are to elucidate the mechanisms that guide spore coat assembly to occur at the particular site of the spore surface and that control the formation of the coat layers. Our specific goals are to understand how two critical players in spore coat assembly, the proteins CotE and SpoIVA, control the formation of the spore coat and to identify additional proteins that are involved in spore coat morphogenesis. We will determine which regions of SpoIVA and CotE are important in coat assembly by a mutational analysis of their genes, and we will use both genetic and biochemical approaches to identify additional morphogenetic proteins. Ultimately, we hope to understand not only how the B. subtilis spore coat is formed but also to gain insight into organelle biosynthesis in a wide variety of organisms.