Understanding the Encounter between Christianity, Psychotherapy and Spirituality in Scotland (1945-2000) in Theory and Practice

这个项目旨在了解在1945年后的一段时间里，心理治疗、基督教和一种新的“灵性”语言是如何相互交织在一起的，主要集中在苏格兰，但也与英国其他地方的发展联系在一起。为什么在战后世俗化的时代，基督教和会说话的疗法--“教堂和沙发”--找到了共同点？答案将有助于神学、宗教研究以及心理治疗的历史和理论的学术辩论。该项目的结果还将向心理治疗师、辅导员、神职人员和牧民的专业受众提供信息。此外，通过与这些受众进行对话，该项目的成果将与政策有更广泛的相关性。心理治疗正面临着一个有争议的国家监管过程，到目前为止，治疗的医学模式一直是核心。通过恢复理解心理治疗的其他方式--例如人际间的田园关系--该项目将为这场正在进行的辩论提供信息。该项目提出了三个问题。首先，战后苏格兰的心理治疗是如何借鉴和适应基督教的思想和实践的？一些人物和组织将被调查：激进的精神病学家R.D.莱恩参与IONA社区；与哲学家约翰·麦克默里在爱丁堡有关联的心理治疗师网络；以及精神分析学家W.R.D.费尔贝恩和约翰·D·萨瑟兰的活动。紧随其后的是第二个补充问题：战后苏格兰的基督教是如何采纳和转化心理治疗思想和实践的？除了调查罗纳德·格雷戈尔·史密斯等神学家的思想外，该项目的这一部分还将研究苏格兰教会通过苏格兰牧民协会等组织促进咨询和牧民关怀的方式。然后，该项目进入了第三个有限的探索性问题：这种苏格兰融合的基督教和心理疗法是如何输出到英格兰的？这将集中在心理治疗师哈里·冈特里普、临床神学家布莱恩·莱克和临床神学协会(莱克创立的组织)上。调查了两个主要的证据来源：文件和口述历史证词。文件分析将审查已出版和未出版的材料，包括随笔作品、个人文件和机构记录。它将以一种解释立场为指导，即即使是我们最近的文化也需要仔细的专家重建，并将探索潜在的修辞和隐喻，这些修辞和隐喻悄悄塑造了关于宗教和心理治疗的想法。口述历史证词将从大约15位人物中收集，他们是因为他们的专业知识、承诺和在这段时间内的领导机构角色而被选中的。他们的证词将主要用来理解当时的个人网络，这一时期的思想是如何生活和经历的，以及这些如何导致对“被审视的生活”的价值的某种理解。该项目将发表几篇学术文章，并在学术会议上发表演讲，同时采取其他战略，以便更广泛地传播成果。心理治疗师、辅导员、神职人员和牧师工作者的专业听众将通过在爱丁堡大学举办的两个会议发表讲话。项目团队还将通过与萨瑟兰信托基金、COSCA(苏格兰咨询和心理治疗)、英国咨询和心理治疗协会和苏格兰教会之家等机构组织的活动，以及通过培训主持人、网站、项目摘要、通俗语言报告和从业人员通讯或期刊上的文章，接触到他们的专业受众。将通过网站、热门文章和制作广播节目来尝试产生更广泛的影响。

This project aims to understand the ways in which psychotherapy, Christianity and a new language of 'spirituality' intertwined in the period after 1945, focusing primarily on Scotland, but also drawing out connections to developments elsewhere in the UK. Why did the Christian religion and the talking cure, 'the church and the couch', find common ground in a post-war era of secularisation? The answer will contribute to scholarly debates in theology, religious studies, and the history and theory of psychotherapy. The project's results will also inform a professional audience of psychotherapists, counsellors, clergy, and pastoral workers. Furthermore, by engaging in a dialogue with this audience, the project's results will have an additional wider relevance to policy. Psychotherapy is facing a contested process of state regulation in which a medical model of therapy has so far been central. By recovering other ways of understanding psychotherapy - such as the interpersonal pastoral relation - the project will inform this ongoing debate.The project asks three questions. First, how did psychotherapy in post-war Scotland borrow and adapt Christian ideas and practices? A number of figures and organisations will be investigated: the radical psychiatrist R.D. Laing's involvement with the Iona community; the network of psychotherapists associated with the philosopher John Macmurray in Edinburgh; and the activities of the psychoanalysts W.R.D. Fairbairn and John D. Sutherland. This is followed by a second complementary question: how did Christianity in post-war Scotland adopt and translate psychotherapeutic ideas and practices? As well as investigating the ideas of theologians such as Ronald Gregor Smith, this part of the project will examine the ways in which the Scottish churches promoted counselling and pastoral care through organisations such as the Scottish Pastoral Association. The project then proceeds to a third, limited and exploratory question: how was this Scottish fusion of Christianity and psychotherapy exported to England? This will focus on the psychotherapist Harry Guntrip, the 'clinical theologian' Brian Lake, and the Clinical Theology Association (the organisation which Lake founded). Two main sources of evidence are investigated: documents and oral-history testimony. The documentary analysis will examine published and unpublished material, including discursive works, personal documents, and institutional records. It will be guided by the interpretive position that even our recent culture is in need of careful expert reconstruction and will explore the underlying rhetoric and metaphors that quietly moulded ideas about religion and psychotherapy. The oral-history testimony will be collected from around fifteen figures who have been selected because of their expertise, commitment and leading institutional roles during this time. Their testimony will be used primarily to understand the personal networks of the time, how the ideas of this period were lived and experienced, and how these led to a certain understanding of the value of the 'examined life'. The project will produce several academic articles, as well as presentations at scholarly conferences, while pursuing other strategies in order to disseminate results more widely. A professional audience of psychotherapists, counsellors, clergy and pastoral workers will be addressed through two conferences hosted at the University of Edinburgh. The project team will also reach their professional audience through events organised with bodies such as The Sutherland Trust, COSCA (Counselling and Psychotherapy in Scotland), the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, and Scottish Churches House, as well as through training of ordinands, a web-site, a project summary, a plain-language report, and articles in practitioner newsletters or journals. Wider impact will be attempted through the website, popular articles and production of a radio programme.