PARNASSUS: Ensuring integrity, preserving significance: value based flood resilience for protection of cultural heritage from climate change impact

该提案开发了一个跨学科系统，以量化历史建筑和考古遗址因气候变化造成的降雨和洪灾的风险；它将通过定义适当的影响指标来评估结构脆弱性，并提出适应战略，按增强的抗灾能力分类，以防止重大损失。项目活动是在风险管理和不确定性方法的框架内确定的，该提案涉及如何更好地了解文化遗产遭到破坏或物质变化的原因，以及什么时候物质变化是可以接受的，而损害是不可接受的。这需要调查材料变化和改造的性质，以及已建成遗产的复原力和适应能力。建议的目的是：-界定标准和协议，以确定可接受的损害限度；为模拟材料变化制定一致的协议；利用风险、监测和模拟，为生命周期和成本/效益研究以及新的或改进的保护措施提供信息。-洪水、水位上升、降雨和热循环对历史建筑和考古遗址结构完整性的影响-评估将实施的新适应技术，以增强历史建筑和遗址对气候变化影响的应变能力。文化遗产的结构和环境模型师和专家合作进行具体的案例研究，并在专业从业人员和遗产机构的支持下，确保在实践中适用的可靠结果。表面粗糙、瓦砾砖石结构、填塞在木架中的土结构是选定的构成材料，因为它们在接缝和基脚水平上特别容易受到暴雨和洪水的影响。因此，可以在项目时间范围内成功地衡量环境因素造成的结构破坏加剧的影响。以极端事件统计分析和不确定性量化为基础的总体方法将为研究的所有方面提供信息，以便将可靠性纳入风险评估和适应措施，研究将以个案研究为基础，以便于将结果直接反馈到实践中。考虑到暴雨和洪水的共同影响，将进行现场监测和实验室测试。拟议的案例研究区域是：图克斯伯里，城镇南端修道院附近的预定区域；Deerhurst，考古遗址和重要的历史建筑；珀斯郡的科顿，被洪水侵蚀的Cob墙；温彻斯特大教堂墓穴和温彻斯特学院；约克，伦德尔大桥塔楼和东部河岸上的建筑；博迪亚姆城堡。案例研究是根据水浸危险，以及六个地区的文物建筑和考古遗迹的年龄、材料、建筑技术、意义和历史文献的多样性而选择的。随着时间的推移，他们的持续占领允许：通过查看过去对有记录的气候变化的适应来获得历史视角；调查对当前风险的影响；确定适应的紧迫性。研究任务包括：-对研究区域的建筑物和利益攸关方进行调查，以确定选定的建筑物进行深入研究-研究二级文献，以确定历史气候变化的重要性-洪水和暴雨的可能性分析和情景-不同规模的建筑物的激光扫描和修复-现场监测和实验室测试，以确定损坏阈值-水力学和结构模型-弹性评估和适应措施的验证。-通过起草准则推广和传播成果。

The proposal develops an interdisciplinary system to quantify risk of historic buildings and archaeological sites to driving rain and flooding as caused by climate change; it will evaluate structural vulnerability by defining adequate impact indicators and propose adaptation strategies classified by increased resilience against loss of significance. Project activities are set within the framework of risk management and uncertainty methods.The proposal addresses how the causes of damage or material change to cultural heritage can be better understood, and when is material change acceptable and damage unacceptable. This requires investigation of the nature of changes and transformation in materials and of the resilience and adaptation capacity of the built heritage. The objectives of the proposal are:- Definition of criteria and protocols to identify acceptable limits of damage; define consistent protocols for modelling material change; use of risk, monitoring and simulation to inform life-cycle and cost/benefits studies and new or improved conservation interventions.- Impact of flooding, rising water level, driving rain and thermal cycles on structural integrity of historic buildings and archaeological sites- Assessment of novel adaptation techniques to be implemented to enhance resilience of historic buildings and sites to climate change impacts. The collaboration of structural and environmental modellers and specialists in cultural heritage, working on specific case studies and supported by professional practitioners and the heritage institutional bodies, ensures robust results applicable in practice.Roughly dressed, rubble masonry, earth structures, infilled in timber frames, are the chosen constitutive materials as they are particularly vulnerable at joint and footing level to driving rain and flood. Hence effects of exacerbated structural damage caused by environmental agents can be successfully measured within the project timeframe. An overall approach based on extreme events statistical analysis and quantification of uncertainty will inform all aspects of the research, so that reliability will be in-built in the evaluation of the risk and adaptation measures The research will be case study based to facilitate direct feedback of results into practice. On-site monitoring and laboratory tests will be conducted, considering the combined effects of driving rain and flooding. The proposed case studies areas are: Tewkesbury, scheduled area at south end of town near the Abbey; Deerhurst, archaeological sites and significant historic buildings; Cottown, Perthshire, cob walls compromised by flooding; Winchester cathedral crypt and Winchester College; York, Lendal Bridge towers and buildings on the Eastern riverbank; Bodiam Castle. The case studies have been chosen according to flooding hazard and to the diversity of age, materials, construction techniques, significance and historical documentation of the heritage buildings and archeological remains in the six areas. Their continued occupation through time allows to: gain historical perspective by looking at past adaptations to documented climate changes; investigate effects on current risk; define urgency of adaptation. Research tasks cover:-Survey of buildings and stakeholders of study area to identify selected buildings for in depth study-Study of secondary literature to identify significance of historic climate change-Flood and driving rain probability analysis and scenarios- Laser scanning and restitution of the building at different scales -On site monitoring and lab testing to define damage thresholds-Hydraulic an structural modelling-Assessment of resilience and validation of adaptation measures. -Generalisation and dissemination of results through drafting of guidelines.