Mobility Cultures: Making a Usable Past for Transport Policy

在英国，如何调动人们是一个日益紧迫的政治和实际问题。除了在计算所有成本时对环境造成破坏和昂贵之外，一个人的流动性往往对其他人不利。特别是，一些社会群体，如年轻人、老年人和某些少数民族社区，相对缺乏使用当地设施的机会，也没有到达更远地方所需的机械化交通工具，而且不公平地承受着死亡、受伤、污染和丧失舒适设施的负担。因此，公共辩论和政策倡议应受益于越来越多的人愿意将发展社会上更公平和生态上可持续的流动模式作为学术研究的核心。这些研究越来越多地指出，人们对交通的地位、价值和效用的根深蒂固的态度和期望，使得说服人们以不同的方式出行（如乘坐公共交通工具）变得非常困难，更不用说减少他们的总体出行水平了。虽然我们作为个人对交通做出选择，但指导我们决策的价值观和规范在社会群体中是共享的，并产生了移动和静止的特征模式。了解这些不同的流动文化以及它们如何转化为旅行，有助于制定旨在改变人们对未来如何移动的态度和选择的政策。 如果充分考虑到历史，这项研究将更加有力。流动文化在几十年中逐渐形成，其中一些方面在日常生活中比其他方面更加沉淀。它们也可能发生相当剧烈的变化。多年来，历史学家一直在探索这些流动性文化是如何以及为什么发展的，以及某些方面如何持续影响当今的愿望和期望。但不幸的是，这些学者和研究人员之间很少有思想交流，他们有兴趣了解现代流动文化及其对旅行偏好和模式的影响。与荷兰等一些欧洲国家形成鲜明对比的是，历史对英国政策制定者和分析师的影响更小。因此，现在是时候建立一个研究网络，将交通学者，历史学家，政策分析师和其他志同道合的人聚集在一起，以确定和发展一个“可用的过去”-一个流动性的文化历史，为公共辩论，政策和规划提供信息，并以其自身的权利受到重视。这个网络主要是由需要解决的挑战所构成的未来的个人流动性在英国，借鉴海外的专业知识时，这有助于阐明英国的情况。因此，最终的受众既包括学术界的同事，也包括大学以外的公众、政治和政策领域的受众。然而，最初的三个研讨会将集中在建立一个共同的语言，让学者从文化历史和交通政策一起工作。会议将集中在：营销im/流动性;社会正义和流动性;旅游身份的意义。每个研讨会为期两个工作天，约有20多名主要来自运输研究、历史及相关学科的受邀与会者，也有来自媒体（包括博物馆）、运输行业和政策领域的同事参加。其目的是根据现有的研究从过去吸取教训，并确定流动性的文化历史中哪些领域的额外研究将对运输政策有用。

How to move people around is an increasingly pressing political and practical issue in the UK. As well as being environmentally damaging and expensive when all the costs are counted, one person's mobility often disadvantages other people. In particular, some social groups such as the young, the elderly, and certain minority-ethnic communities suffer from a relative lack of access to local facilities or the mechanized transport needed to reach more distant ones, as well as being unfairly burdened by deaths, injuries, pollution and loss of amenity. Public debate and policy initiatives should thus benefit from the growing willingness to put the development of more socially equitable and ecologically sustainable patterns of mobility at the heart of academic research. Such studies increasingly argue that deeply held attitudes and expectations about the status, value and utility of transport make it very difficult to persuade people to move themselves in different ways, such as by public transport, let alone to cut back on their overall levels of travel. Although we make choices as individuals about transport, the values and norms that inform our decision-making are shared within social groups and generate characteristic patterns of movement and immobility. Knowing about these different mobility cultures and how they translate into travel can help to shape policies aimed at changing peoples' attitudes and choices about how they move in the future. This research would be even more powerful if it took full account of history. Mobility cultures build up over decades, with some aspects becoming more sedimented in everyday life than others. They can also be subject to quite sharp changes. For some years historians have been exploring how and why these mobility cultures develop, and how some aspects persist to inform present-day aspirations and expectations. But unfortunately there is little interchange of ideas between these scholars and researchers with an interest in understanding modern mobility cultures and their consequences for travel preferences and patterns. In sharp contrast to some European countries like the Netherlands, history has even less purchase on UK policy-makers and analysts. It is therefore time to establish a research network bringing together transport scholars, historians, policy-analysts and other like-minded inidviduals to identify and develop a 'usable past' - a cultural history of mobility that informs public debate, policy and planning as well as being valued in its own right. This network is driven primarily by need to address the challenges posed for the future of personal mobility in the UK, drawing on overseas' expertise when this helps to illuminate the UK situation. The ultimate audiences thus lie as much outside of universities, in the public, political and policy domains, as with academic colleagues. However, the initial three workshops will concentrate on building a shared language allowing academics from cultural history and transport policy to work together. The sessions will focus on: marketing im/mobility; social justice and mobility; making sense of travel identities. Each will run over two working days and involve around two dozen invited participants drawn primarily from transport studies and history and related disciplines, while also involving colleagues from the media (including museums), transport industries and policy fields. The intention is both to draw lessons from the past based on existing studies and to identify those areas of the cultural history of mobility where additional research would be of use to transport policy.