Ending Terrorism as Told by Former Italian Terrorists

在申请人以前工作的基础上，这项研究创新性地对不同类型的恐怖分子的自我叙述进行了比较分析。该提案借鉴了意大利的案例研究，但也通过与其他欧洲国家的比较，解决了研究不足的问题，特别是与脱离恐怖主义而不是与恐怖主义接触有关的问题。分析的重点是与去激进化相关的精神和心理过程，如前恐怖分子所述，以及他们在这一过程中重新谈判自己身份的方式。为此，该研究深入分析了20世纪60年代和70年代在意大利活动的极左翼和极右翼恐怖组织领导人和成员的政治回忆录。实证材料主要包括自传、采访、公开辩论，包括大约50个小时的电视采访录音。自1990年以来，前恐怖分子(主要是左翼)的回忆录以及包含对前恐怖分子的原始采访的书籍至少有50卷。最近，前极右翼恐怖分子开始谈论他们过去参与恐怖主义暴力的情况，包括针对无辜平民的炸弹袭击。更多的采访记录保存在意大利各学院的档案中：罗马的Casa della Mhemia e della Storia；布雷西亚的Casa della Mhemia；博洛尼亚的Istituto Cattneo。令人惊讶的是，这些叙述没有得到系统的审查，但它们构成了独特和极其丰富的第一手证词来源，为青年去激进化、前恐怖分子重新融入社会以及个人和集体愈合和自我认同建设提供了宝贵的洞察。此外，申请者还将对前恐怖分子进行进一步面谈，重点是脱离接触。这项研究还涉及与“恐怖主义主体”重新融入社会有关的问题，探讨重新融入社会的公共/自愿项目的性质及其促进非暴力和民主叙述和做法的方式。这项研究还考察了受害者协会、纪念仪式、纪念碑和其他文化倡议在提供更广泛的“安抚”背景方面所发挥的作用。除了查阅已发表的材料，申请者还将与意大利恐怖主义受害者协会和其他从事国家安抚教育/文化项目的协会进行访谈。最后，研究通过与北爱尔兰、西班牙、法国和德国的比较，在更广泛的欧洲背景下分析意大利的案例。拟议的研究将完成与菲利普·库克博士合著的一本书，书名为《结束Terrorim，意大利风格》，将由Routledge出版。目录：导言：关于恐怖主义的文献概述。1.政治回忆录和恐怖主义研究：本章讨论了通过前恐怖分子的回忆录研究恐怖主义的有效性，涉及各种学科方法，从传播分析(例如叙事分析或话语分析)到心理学(自传体记忆、叙事心理)和历史(集体记忆是如何构建的)。2.成为恐怖分子：本章探讨了20世纪70年代在意大利参与恐怖主义的人如何讲述他们通向政治暴力和加入恐怖组织的道路。脱离接触和脱离：本章在上一节的基础上，探讨了恐怖分子退出暴力的情况以及他们叙述其经历的方式。在恐怖主义之后，就个人和集体疗伤和身份认同进行谈判。本章调查后恐怖分子对自我的建构。5.比较视角下的意大利。结论。

Building on previous work by the Applicant, the research innovatively undertakes a comparative analysis of the self-narratives of different types of terrorists. Drawing on the Italian case study but also through a comparison with other European countries, the proposal addresses issues which have been under-researched, especially questions related to disengagement from, as opposed to engagement with, terrorism. The analysis focuses on the mental and psychological processes linked to de-radicalisation, as narrated by former terrorists and the ways in which they renegotiate their identity in this process. To this end the research analyses in depth the political memoirs of leaders and members of extreme-left and extreme-right terrorist groups, which operated in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s. Empirical material consists primarily of autobiographies, interviews, public debates, including roughly 50-hour recordings of televised interviews. Memoirs by former, mainly left-wing, terrorists as well as books containing original interviews with former terrorists amount to at least 50 volumes since 1990. More recently, former extreme-right terrorists have started to talk about their past involvement in terrorist violence, including bomb attacks against innocent civilians. Further interview transcripts are kept in the archives of various Italian Institutes: Casa della Memoria e della Storia, Rome; Casa della Memoria, Brescia; Istituto Cattaneo, Bologna. Surprisingly, these narratives have not been systematically examined, yet they form a unique and extremely rich source of first-hand testimony, providing invaluable insight into processes of youth de-radicalisation, social re-integration of ex-terrorists, as well as personal and collective healing and self-identity constructions. In addition, the Applicant will carry out further interviews with former terrorists, focusing on disengagement. The research also addresses issues related to the social reintegration of the 'terrorist subject', exploring the nature of public/voluntary projects of reintegration and the ways in which they promote non-violent and democratic narratives and practices. The study also examines the role played by victims' associations, commemoration ceremonies, monuments and other cultural initiatives in providing a wider context of 'pacification'. As well as consulting published material, the Applicant will carry out interviews with Italian associations of the victims of terrorisms and other associations engaged in educational/cultural projects of national 'pacification'.Finally, the research analyses the Italian case in a broader European context, through a comparison with Northern Ireland, Spain, France and Germany. The proposed research will result in completion of a jointly authored book, with Dr Philip Cooke, entitled Ending Terrorim, Italian Style, to be published by Routledge.Table of Contents:Introduction: A brief overview of the literature on terrorism. 1. Political memoirs and the study of terrorism: This chapter discusses the validity of studying terrorism through the memoirs of former terrorists, with reference to a variety of disciplinary approaches, from communication analysis (e.g. narrative analysis or discourse analysis) to psychology (autobiographical memory, narrative psychology) and history (how collective memory is constructed). 2. Becoming terrorists: This chapter explores how those involved in terrorism in Italy in the 1970s narrate their path to political violence and membership of a terrorist organization.3. Disengagement and disassociation: Building on the preceding section, this chapter explores the circumstances in which terrorists withdraw from violence and the manner in which they narrate their experience.4. Negotiating personal and collective healing and identity after terrorism. This chapter investigates post-terrorist constructions of the self. 5. Italy in comparative perspective. Conclusion.