Socio-Economic Change, Contested Memories and the Cultural Re-configuration of Hull since the Decline of Distant-Water Trawling

在二十世纪的前四分之三，尽管受到两次世界大战、大萧条和1950年代和1960年代沿海国领土沃茨扩大的冲击，蒸汽拖网仍然是船体经济和社会的一个重要方面。然而，在十年的时间里，船体对捕鱼的兴趣急剧下降，因为共同渔业政策（1972年）的限制，1973年和1974年石油危机期间燃料价格的上涨，以及1976年冰岛领土界限扩大到200英里，这些因素共同破坏了拖网捕鱼业的生存能力。到20世纪80年代中期，船体实际上已经处理掉了它的拖网船队，几十年来，这支船队一直是欧洲最大和最具生产力的船队之一。1970年的影响后，社会和经济概况的船体，并对文化地理的城市作为紧密聚集的渔业社区和相关群体的西船体被分散的经济变化和当地规划政策，以清除该地区的贫民窟住房。特别是，这项研究将考虑如何影响这些变化的看法，城市和它的历史之间的前渔业社区，其他群体在船体和更正式的，“官方”的表述船体的身份。它还将解决如何船体的社会记忆，这一行业及其遗产已受到质疑，并重新工作，随后。这将提高我们对拖网捕鱼业对船体的社会和文化面貌的影响的理解，船体的拖网过去在那些生活在“拖网小镇”和其他地方的人的目光中塑造其形象的方式，以及船体海事博物馆过去，现在和未来展示的渔业代表性。在关注一个经历了快速，深刻变化的行业时，研究将评估从事拖网捕捞的各个机构所采取的战略。一些群体离开了渔业，另一些人则移居国外，在不同的渔业中工作，还有一些人从事鱼类加工、商业和零售。这种适应性战略的成功与否在经济衰退时期具有当代意义，特别是在船体，它往往比大多数地区遭受更多的商业衰退。这项研究的另一个方面将是对1960年代以来参与船体拖网捕捞业的人的回忆。拖网渔船所有者，拖网渔船船长，“甲板”，技术专家，当地政治家和发展机构人员将接受采访，以评估“渔业社区”对其业务的重大转变，对他们以前紧密的社区，以及对他们随后的生活方式，身份和记忆的变化的看法远离渔业码头周围的空间集中。船体海事博物馆是这个行业，它的社区和他们的历史最重要的公民关节。海事博物馆计划在未来几年内重新设计其关于远洋拖网捕捞业的常设展览。首先，他们需要确定哪些主题和主题在他们目前的展览和收藏中被省略，哪些额外的主题应该在重新改造的展览中被包括或重新强调。因此，这项研究将直接应用于船体的远洋拖网捕捞业的代表性，其相关的社会和文化地理，以及围绕这个社区和他们失去的行业的记忆和纪念的持续问题。在短期内，公众将通过项目网站访问这项研究，并将在项目实施期间在船体海事博物馆举办一个临时展览。

For the first three-quarters of the twentieth century, steam trawling remained an important facet of Hull's economy and society, despite the shocks of the two world wars, the Great Depression and the extension of the territorial waters of coastal states during the 1950s and 1960s. In the space of a decade, however, Hull's interest in catching fish contracted dramatically as the restrictions imposed by the Common Fisheries Policy (1972), the increase in fuel prices during the oil crises of 1973 and 1974, and the extension of Iceland's territorial limits to 200 miles in 1976 combined to undermine the trawling industry's viability. By the mid-1980s, Hull had virtually disposed of its trawling fleet, which had for decades been one of the largest and most productive in Europe.The research will assess the extent to which the contraction of the distant-water trawling industry from c. 1970 impacted upon the social and economic profile of Hull, and upon the cultural geographies of the city as the tightly-clustered fishing community and associated groups of West Hull were dispersed by economic change and local planning policies to clear the area's slum housing. In particular, the study will consider how the these changes impacted upon the perceptions of the city and its histories amongst the former fishing communities, other groups in Hull and the more formal, 'official' articulations of Hull's identity. It will also address how Hull's social memories of this industry and its legacies have been contested and re-worked subsequently. This will improve our understanding of the influence of the trawling industry on Hull's social and cultural complexion, the ways in which Hull's trawling past has shaped its image in the gaze of those who live in 'trawlertown' and people from elsewhere, and the representation of the fisheries in the past, present and future displays of Hull Maritime Museum. In focusing on an industry that experienced rapid, profound change, the research will assess the strategies adopted by the various agencies engaged in trawling. While some groups left the business, others moved abroad to work in different fisheries, and others diversified into fish processing, merchanting and retailing. The success or otherwise of such adaptive strategies has contemporary relevance in a period of economic recession, especially in Hull, which tends to suffer more than most areas from commercial downturns. A further aspect of the study will be the recollections of those involved in Hull's trawling industry since the 1960s. Trawler owners, trawler skippers, 'deckies', technical experts, local politicians and development agency personnel will be interviewed to gauge the views of the 'fishing community' on the major transformations of their businesses, upon their formerly tight-knit community, and upon their subsequent changes to lifestyle, identity and memory away from the spatial concentration around the fishing dock. Hull Maritime Museum is the most important civic articulation of this industry, its communities and their histories. The Maritime Museum aims to re-work its permanent exhibition on the distant-water trawling industry in the next few years. First, they need to establish what themes and topics are elided in their current exhibit and collections, and which additional themes should be included or re-emphasised in the re-vamped exhibition. This research will therefore find direct application in the representation of Hull's distant-water trawling industry, to its associated social and cultural geographies, and to the continuing issues of memory and commemoration that surrounds this community and their lost industry. In the shorter-term, this research will be accessible to the public through the project website, and it will form the basis of a temporary exhibition to be held at Hull Maritime Museum in the course of t