ANXIETY, DISINHIBITION, AND RISK FOR DRUG ABUSE

这项申请要求资助一项为期四年的研究，以调查13-17岁儿童药物滥用的心理生理学标志物，这些儿童由于其父母的这种情况而具有药物滥用的高风险。 本建议的基本原理是寻找与药物滥用相关的两个主要人格维度相关的心理生理异常，即消极情感/焦虑和无抑制/反社会行为。理论家们提出了一个基于对厌恶和食欲刺激的反应的生物行为模型，以解释动机行为的神经生理学基础，并解释儿童精神障碍。 该模型假定动机行为受到唤醒系统、行为抑制系统（BIS）和行为激活系统（BAS）的影响，行为抑制系统（BIS）处理与厌恶刺激相关的信号，行为激活系统（BAS）处理与奖励相关的信号。精神病理学被认为是由这些系统内部的不平衡造成的。我们初步支持的主要假设是，唤醒和/或情感反应的明显缺陷是物质滥用与焦虑和抑制/反社会人格之间关系的基础。 具体来说，我们将检查以下儿童的父母1）物质滥用，2）物质滥用和共病焦虑障碍，3）物质滥用和反社会人格障碍，3）没有精神疾病：1。惊吓增强和自主神经系统（ANS）对厌恶性刺激威胁的觉醒测量; 2. ANS对奖励和取消奖励的反应; 3.静息EEG的不对称性; 4. BAS和BIS活动的心理生理学测量与焦虑和抑制/反社会行为相关的气质特征之间的关联; 5.后代性别对父母病史与后代心理生理、气质和临床特征之间关系的影响;使用临床和心理生理措施相结合的脆弱性表型指数。

This application requests funding for a four-year study to investigate psychophysiological markers for substance abuse in children ages 13-17 who are at high risk for substance abuse by virtue of their parental history for this condition. The rationale for the present proposal is to search for psychophysiological abnormalities associated with the two main dimensions of personality linked to substance abuse, that is, negative affectivity/anxiety and disinhibited/antisocial behaviors. Theorists have proposed a biobehavioral model based on responses to aversive and appetitive stimuli to explain the neurophysiological basis of motivational behaviors and to account for childhood mental disorders. The model posits that motivational behaviors is influenced by an arousal system, and by a behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which processes signals related to aversive stimuli, and a behavioral activation system (BAS), which processes signal related to rewards. Psychopathology is assumed to result from an imbalance within these systems. The major hypothesis for which we have preliminary support is that distinct deficits in arousal and/or affective responses underlie the relationship between substance abuse and both anxiety and disinhibited/antisocial personality. Specifically we will examine the following in children of parents with 1) substance abuse only, 2) substance abuse and comorbid anxiety disorder, 3) substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder, and 3) no psychiatric disorders: 1. startle potentiation and autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures of arousal to threat of aversive stimuli; 2. ANS responses to reward and to the removal of reward; 3. Asymmetry of resting EEG; 4. the association between psychophysiological measures of BAS and BIS activity and temperamental characteristics associated with anxiety and disinhibited/antisocial behavior; 5. the effects of the gender of the offspring in the relationship between parental history and the offspring's psychophysiological, temperamental, and clinical characteristics; 6. phenotypic indices of vulnerability using combinations of clinical and psychophysiological measures.