The Migration of Faith: Clerical Exile in Late Antiquity (325-c.600AD)

在4世纪到6世纪之间，流放是罗马皇帝和后罗马继承国的统治者对持不同政见的基督教神职人员经常使用的一种法律的制裁。这个项目试图检验这样一种假设，即这种流放不仅是一种惩罚形式，而且更重要的是，是一种文化接触形式。流亡的神职人员在他们以前不为人知的地方传播他们的思想。他们还吸收了新环境的影响，在从流亡中被召回的情况下，将思想和经验转移到其他地方。该项目认为，这一过程对这一时期基督教及其基础文本的发展产生了深远的影响，这些影响今天仍然引人注目。例如，大多数现代基督教教派所信奉的尼西亚信经，如果没有在第四世纪驱逐其最初的支持者，可能就不会产生同样的影响。为了证明其假设，该项目采用了跨学科的方法和创新的方法。这是一个朱莉娅·希尔纳博士（谢菲尔德，PI），一个法律的历史学家，和两个国际共同研究者，教授约尔格·乌尔里希（哈雷），一个神学家，和副教授雅各布·恩伯格（奥胡斯），一个文化历史学家之间的合作。虽然这一时期基督教神学和仪式的发展以及罗马流放刑罚的法律的发展都得到了广泛的研究，但这两者以前从未被放在一起。该项目旨在通过应用数字方法来重新振兴传统的法律的和神学研究来弥补学术上的这一差距，这些研究通常集中在规范性来源上，这将有助于将这些来源置于背景中。为此目的，该项目包括建立一个关系数据库，收集关于个别流亡文职人员的所有现有资料。这些数据将来自印刷版和在线源版本，我们预计数据集将包括约1，000人的记录。这将使项目小组能够追踪和可视化流亡神职人员从流放地和从流放地返回后发展和维持的个人和地理网络。定量信息将为对该时期选定的法律的、神学和圣徒传文本（也有编辑版）进行彻底的质量重新评估提供基础，这些文本将根据其作者和受众的网络进行调查。本项目的这一部分将试图建立流亡经历对基督教法律，基督教教义和基督教邪教在古代晚期的形成的影响。简而言之，该项目涉及对流亡的长期研究，重点关注个别神职人员的社交网络，并解释制度文本和结构，而不是根据自上而下的变化模型，而是作为个人之间关系的结果，流亡促进了，在分散的框架内，该网络的每一个组成部分都有助于形成机构发展。该项目的成果将通过一本书共同传播，由PI、Co-Is和该项目的研究助理撰写，并通过博士论文撰写。该项目还将维持一个项目博客和网站，以确保更多的学术受众能够访问该数据库，并确保更多的非学术受众能够在教育材料中访问该数据库，该项目还将举行最后一次国际会议。该计划亦会在文物遭弃置的地点建立本地博物馆及文物组织网络，以便日后申请拨款时能更紧密合作。该计划将于2014年5月展开，为期36个月。

Between the fourth and the sixth centuries exile was a legal sanction frequently used by Roman emperors and the rulers of the post-Roman successor states against dissident Christian clerics. This project seeks to test the hypothesis that such exile proved to be not only a form of punishment, but also, and more importantly, a form of cultural encounter. Clerics in exile spread their ideas at places where they had previously been unknown. They also absorbed influences from their new environment and, in the case of recall from exile, transferred ideas and experiences elsewhere. This process, the project contends, had a profound impact on the development of Christianity and its foundational texts in this period, which are still noticeable today. For example, the Nicene creed, which most of modern Christian denominations subscribe to, may not have had the same impact without the banishment of its original supporters during the fourth century.In order to prove its hypothesis, the project adopts an interdisciplinary approach with an innovative methodology. It is a collaboration between Dr Julia Hillner (Sheffield, PI), a legal historian, and two international co-investigators, Prof Jörg Ulrich (Halle), a theologian, and Associate Prof Jakob Engberg (Aarhus), a cultural historian. While both the development of Christian theology and ritual in this period and the legal development of the Roman penalty of exile have been extensively studied, the two have not been brought together before. The project seeks to rectify this gap in scholarship by re-invigorating traditional legal and theological studies that have typically concentrated on normative sources through the application of a digital approach that will help to set these sources in context. To this end, the project includes the construction of a relational database that collects all available information on individual clerical exiles. The data will be derived from printed and online source editions and we anticipate a dataset comprising records for approximately 1,000 individuals. This will allow the project team to trace and visualise the personal and geographical networks clerical exiles developed and maintained from their place of banishment and after return from exile. The quantitative information will provide the basis for a thorough qualitative re-assessment of selected legal, theological and hagiographical texts of the period (also available in edited form), which will be investigated in the light of the networks of their authors and audiences. This part of the project will seek to establish the influence of exile experiences on the formation of Christian law, Christian doctrine and Christian cult in late antiquity. In short, the project involves a long-term study of exile that focuses on social networks of individual clerics and interprets institutional texts and structures not according to a top-down model of change, but as a result of relations among individuals, facilitated by exile, within a decentralised framework, in which every element of the network contributed to shape institutional developments.The results of the project will be disseminated via a book co-authored by the PI, the Co-Is and the research associate of the project, and via a doctoral dissertation. The project will also maintain a project blog and website, which will ensure access to the database for a larger academic audience, and, embedded in educational material, for a broader non-academic audience, and will hold a final international conference. The project will also develop a network of local museums and heritage organisations at places of late antique banishment with a view to develop closer collaboration for future funding applications.The project will commence in May 2014 and is scheduled to run for 36 months.