Human Adaptation to Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary evidence from Southeast Asia (SUNDASIA)

人类对海岸演变的适应：东南亚晚第四纪证据（SUNDASIA）研究摘要海平面变化对东南亚的人类进化和历史产生了重大影响，并继续影响今天生活在那里的人们的生活。在冰川条件下，亚洲大陆延伸到南半球，但多达75%的额外陆地（“孙达兰”）在间冰期期间被淹没，使其成为世界上最大的单一陆地区域。为期3.5年的SUNDASIA项目已经吸引了价值30万英镑的企业支持，以实现其预计的C。100万英镑的成本，探讨了史前觅食社区如何适应东南亚沿海洪水的周期，以及对这些过程的理解如何为现代应对气候引起的海平面上升提供信息。到目前为止，还没有足够详细的考古记录，这些相关的主题在该地区的景观规模进行全面研究。越南红河三角洲西南边缘的长安石灰岩是该地区第一个提供此类记录的地区，因此最近（2014年）获得了世界遗产地位。目前的项目综合了最近三次海侵的考古和古环境证据：发生在59，000年和c。一千五百年前。通过在长安的工作，SUNDASIA将展示海平面变化对该地区早期社会经济系统的影响。这是一组与今天高度相关的数据：目前世界上超过23%的人口居住在沿海或低洼岛屿上。这些社区面临着气候驱动的海平面上升的紧迫威胁，这在东南亚尤为严重，那里的海平面上升速度是全球平均水平的三倍。尽管科学家和政策制定者现在正在将长期的古气候记录纳入气候变化的预测模型中，但几乎没有人注意考虑人们过去如何应对这些变化。阐明适应措施，允许对气候变化的各种反应被视为这些模型的准确性和实用性的关键，但这些措施仍然知之甚少。海平面变化和环境多样性是东南亚数万年来文化经济体系背后的强大驱动力;其考古记录，特别是来自长安的考古记录，为帮助弥合这一知识差距提供了巨大的潜力。

Human Adaptation to Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary evidence from Southeast Asia (SUNDASIA)RESEARCH SUMMARYChanging sea-levels have had a significant impact on human evolution and history in Southeast Asia, and continue to affect the lives of people living there today. Under glacial conditions the continent of Asia extended into the Southern Hemisphere, but up to 75% of that additional landmass ('Sundaland') becomes submerged during interglacials, making this the world's largest single area of land lost cyclically to the sea. The 3.5-year SUNDASIA project, which has already attracted £300,000 worth of corporate backing towards its projected c. £1m cost, explores how prehistoric foraging communities adapted to cycles of coastal inundation in Southeast Asia and how understanding of those processes can inform on modern responses to climate-induced rising seas. Until now, no archaeological record was sufficiently detailed for these linked topics to be researched comprehensively at a landscape scale in this region. The Tràng An limestone massif on the southwest margin of the Red River delta, Vietnam, is the first area in the region to provide such a record and as a result has recently (2014) achieved World Heritage status. The current project synthesizes archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence from the last three marine transgressions: those occurring between 59,000 and c. 1500 years ago. Through its work in Tràng An SUNDASIA will demonstrate the impact that changing sea-levels had on early socio-economic systems in the region. This is a body of data that is also highly relevant today: more than 23% of the world's population currently reside on the coast or low-lying islands. These communities face the urgent threat of climate-driven sea-level rise which is particularly acute in Southeast Asia where sea-levels are rising at a rate three times the global average. Although scientists and policy-makers are now incorporating long-term palaeo-climate records into predictive models of climate change, almost no attention has been paid to considering how people coped with these changes in the past. Incorporating adaptive measures that permit a diverse repertoire of responses to climate-change is seen as key to the accuracy and practicality of these models, yet these measures remain poorly understood. Sea-level change and environmental diversity have been powerful drivers behind culture-economic systems for tens of millennia in Southeast Asia; its archaeological record and particularly that from Tràng An offer enormous potential to help bridge this knowledge gap.