African-Caribbean Women's Mobility and Self-Fashioning in Post-Diaspora Contexts.

本研究检验了“后散居”作为一个新概念和分析工具的有效性。它询问如何利用这一概念来重新设想非洲-加勒比妇女在21世纪全球化、跨国主义和非领土化背景下通过流动实现能动性的新手段。后散居既不是对散居当代用法的背离，也不是对散居当代用法的延续：相反，“后”标志着一个新的问题空间，通过将流动性作为加勒比身份的定义特征，以及非洲裔加勒比妇女自我塑造的途径，使我们能够想象新的未来。而不是线性的旅行，导致在新的物理和文化地理的现在重建记忆的过去，后散居旅行是根茎状的：它们从根本上配置了假定的“家”和“客场”的意义。在根茎生长过程中，根是暂时的，不固定的。路线往往是迂回的，而返回——身体上的、修辞上的和经济上的——是非洲-加勒比妇女流动的关键组成部分（Trotz 2006； Trotz和Malone 2013； Reynolds 208, 2010）。虽然当代对流散概念的研究强调了“起源”的丧失、流离失所、“被剥夺的家谱”（Boyarin and Boyarin 2002; Cho2007），但“后流散”的表述远离了将家园视为单一和离散的观念，也远离了伴随而来的观念，即渴望的感觉构成了流散主体。作为一个概念，它介入了当代学术对非洲侨民的讨论的尝试，超越了民族主义敏感性的特权和“对归属感的夸大关注”（拉什迪2009），以更灵活和更有能力的方式表达黑人。它是对超越民族国家的附属身份的重新想象（Gilroy 2004, 2011; Hall 2007）。在北美、英国和其他地方的加勒比和非裔加勒比社区都经历了两次散居（Hall 1976），在向前和递归的迁移过程中，他们被不同的、更多样化的遭遇重新组合（Cohen 2009）。后散居的概念关注的是多次遭遇的后果和不同隶属关系的可能性。这个跨学科网络利用五个学科领域的知识和资源：性别研究、文学、社会学、文化地理和历史。该网络还促进了关于后散居主题的跨历史和跨国对话。它连接了来自英国、加勒比海和北美的学者，他们带来了自己的理论、方法和学科过程来回答以下问题：目前的研究告诉我们如何在后散居背景下理解英国、加勒比和北美？2. 非洲加勒比妇女散居后的性别维度是什么，其重点是多向流动和不稳定？3)这些非线性的流动形式和多重从属关系的产生如何为非洲-加勒比妇女的机构和自我塑造创造条件？4)什么样的表达形式可以重新配置后流散的身份？这些问题将通过一个由伦敦南岸大学主办的记录网络活动的网站来解决；一系列邀请国际学者参加的短期研究会议和研讨会；为跨学科期刊《小斧》的特刊编辑的选集和《散居：跨国研究期刊》的选集；网络成员与牙买加规划研究所国际移徙工作队之间为期一天的政策对话；两个创意平台，邀请作品涉及主题的实践者；与伦敦黑人文化档案馆馆长的会面。

This research tests the effectiveness of 'post-diaspora' as a new concept and analytic tool. It asks how this concept can be used to reimagine new means by which African-Caribbean women achieve agency through mobility in twenty-first century contexts of globalization, transnationalism and deterritorialization. Post-diaspora is neither a departure from, nor a continuation of contemporary usages of diaspora: rather the 'post' signals a new problem space that allows us to imagine new futures, by focusing on mobility both as a defining feature of Caribbean identities and as a route to self-fashioning for African-Caribbean women. Rather than linear journeys that result in the reconstitution of a remembered past in a present of new physical and cultural geographies, post-diasporic journeys are rhizomatic: they radically configure the assumed significance of 'home' and 'away'. In rhizomatic journeys, roots are provisional and unfixed. Routes are often circuitous, and return - physical, rhetorical and economic - is a key component of African-Caribbean women's mobility (Trotz 2006; Trotz and Malone 2013; Reynolds 208, 2010). While contemporary engagements with concepts of diaspora emphasise loss of 'origin', displacement, 'genealogies of dispossession' (Boyarin and Boyarin 2002; Cho2007), the formulation 'post-diaspora' moves away from ideas of homeland as singular and discrete, and from the accompanying idea that feelings of longing constitute the diasporic subject. As a concept, it intervenes in attempts in contemporary scholarship to progress discussions of the African diaspora beyond the privileging of nationalist sensibilities and an 'exaggerated attention to belonging' (Rushdy 2009), to more mobile and enabling articulations of blackness. It is a reimagining of affiliated identities beyond those that pertain to the nation state (Gilroy 2004, 2011; Hall 2007). Caribbean and African-Caribbean communities in North America, Britain and elsewhere are both twice diasporised (Hall 1976), and in the process of onward and recursive migrations, they are reconstituted by different and more variegated encounters (Cohen 2009). The concept of post-diaspora is attentive to the consequences of multiple encounters and the possibility of diverse affiliations. This transdisciplinary Network uses knowledge and resources of five disciplinary areas: gender studies, literature, sociology, cultural geography and history. The Network also facilitates a trans-historical and transnational dialogue on the theme of post-diaspora. It connects scholars from Britain, the Caribbean and North America, who bring their own theoretical, methodological and disciplinary processes to answer the following questions: 1. What does present research tell us about how Britain, the Caribbean and North America can be understood in post-diaspora contexts? 2. What are the gender dimensions of post-diaspora for African Caribbean women, with its emphasis on multi-directional mobility and instability? 3) How do these non-linear forms of mobility and the production of multiple affiliations produce the conditions for African-Caribbean women's agency and self-fashioning? 4) What forms of expression are available to reconfigure identities as post-diasporic? These questions will be addressed through a website archiving the Network's activities and hosted by London South Bank University; a series of short research meetings and seminars of invited international scholars; an edited collection for a special issue of the interdisciplinary journal Small Axe and selected contributions to Diaspora: a Journal of Transnational Studies; a one-day policy dialogue between members of the Network and the International Migration Taskforce, Planning Institute of Jamaica; two creative platforms of invited practitioners whose work addresses the theme; a meeting with the curators of the Black Cultural Archives, London.