Understanding Secrecy, Upholding the Public Interest: National Security Whistleblowing, Civil Society and Support Networks

当AHRC的研究项目开始调查美国国家安全告密的悠久历史(AH/P00461X/1)时，揭露未经授权的监视计划的爱德华·斯诺登的命运尚不确定。它预计他不会是最后一个告密者。三年后，斯诺登的处境仍然岌岌可危，而其他几名告密者已经出现，并因泄露国防信息而被起诉。欧洲的举报人虽然登上新闻头条的次数较少，但他们也披露了一些信息，并面临起诉。二十一世纪标志着全球国家安全告密的新时代，但我们对这一现象的理解并没有跟上这些发展的步伐。告密倡导组织也是如此，他们为越过秘密的卢比肯为公众利益而披露的个人提供必要的保护。影响和参与的后续资金希望将学术和倡导团体带入持续的对话，以更好地了解国家安全告密的过去、现在和未来。这些活动探讨了历史方法如何为当今提供举报人支持和保护的第三部门团体提供信息、协助和加强其工作。在分享研究成果和最佳实践方面，该项目满足了明确的需求，以扩大知识库，加强与学术的联系，并加强在不同国家司法管辖区工作的组织之间的合作。在实践意义上，历史的视角可以帮助倡导者努力为法律案件提供信息，塑造立法，提出改革，并理解当今正在展开的标题背后的故事。最初对美国国家安全告密的研究揭示了一个广阔而多样的倡导世界。此外，它还延伸到了美国以外。拟议的活动建立在意想不到的影响机会的基础上，以便让英国和欧洲更广泛的举报人倡导者社区参与进来。该提议寻求跨越国界分享专业知识和技能。围绕告密和国家安全的辩论往往集中在个别国家及其各自的法律框架上，但有必要解决跨越国家和地区分歧的主题。美国的倡导者面临的问题与英国和欧洲的同行面临的问题类似。这个项目的目的是让这些声音相互对话，并与从事这一主题的学者交谈。对于更密切的学术倡导合作来说，这是一个特别合适的时刻。州政府的起诉正在上升。举报人保护是一个活跃的政治、法律和社会问题，美国、英国和欧洲的立法机构都在就现有政策和机制的充分性进行辩论。倡导者近年来取得了进展，但仍在面对强大的保密机构和扩张的国家安全国家。从历史的角度来看，不仅要了解现在，而且要探索未来的保护战略，这些战略超越法律正义问题，包括个人向权力说真话背后的公民和社会因素。

When the AHRC research project began to investigate the long history of U.S. national security whistleblowing (AH/P00461X/1), the fate of Edward Snowden, who had revealed warrantless surveillance programmes, was uncertain. It anticipated he would not be the last whistleblower. Three years later Snowden's situation remains precarious while several other whistleblowers have emerged and been charged for disclosing national defense information. European whistleblowers, while generating fewer headlines, have also made disclosures and face prosecution. The twenty-first century has marked a new era of national security whistleblowing around the world, but our understanding of the phenomenon has not kept pace with these developments.This is also true for the whistleblowing advocacy organisations that provide the essential protection for individuals crossing the secrecy Rubicon to make disclosures in the public interest. The Follow-on Funding for Impact and Engagement looks to bring academic and advocacy groups into sustained dialogue to better understand the past, present, and future of national security whistleblowing. The activities explore how historical approaches can inform, assist, and enhance the work of third sector groups providing whistleblower support and protection today. In sharing research findings and best practises, this project addresses well-defined needs to expand the knowledge base, strengthen links with scholarship, and increase collaboration between organisations working in different national jurisdictions. In a practical sense, a historical perspective can assist advocates in their efforts to inform legal cases, shape legislation, propose reforms, and comprehend the stories behind today's unfolding headlines.The original research on U.S. national security whistleblowing uncovered a vast, diverse advocacy world. Furthermore, it extended beyond the United States. The proposed activities build on unforeseen impact opportunities to engage this wider whistleblowing advocacy community in the UK and Europe. The proposal seeks to share expertise and skills across national borders. Debates around whistleblowing and national security frequently concentrate on individual states and their respective legal frameworks, but there is a need to address themes that cut across national and regional divides. The questions facing advocates in the United States are similar to those facing counterparts in the UK and Europe. This project aims to bring those voices into conversation with one another and with scholars working on the subject. This is a particularly opportune moment for closer academic-advocacy collaboration. State prosecutions are on the rise. Whistleblower protection is a live political, legal, and social issue, with legislative bodies in the U.S., UK and Europe debating the adequacy of existing policies and mechanisms. Advocates have made progress in recent years but continue to confront powerful secrecy establishments and expansive national security states. A historical perspective is essential to understanding the present, but also exploring future protection strategies that go beyond legal justice matters to include the civic and social factors behind individuals speaking truth to power.